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Abstract: There has been intense foundational research in complex technical systems (CTSs) over the last half century. These systems are exemplified by advanced mechatronics systems, embedded control systems, real-time systems, agent-based smart systems, distributed software systems, internet of things systems, and cyber-physical systems. The objective of this paper is to offer an initial cataloguing of the various research domains and to identify the major research issues. The paper has an ontological flavour, because it concentrates on what research has been and is being done, rather than on why and how research is done. The underpinning study has been done in three stages: (i) intuition-driven exploration of a reference set of related academic publications, (ii) evidence-based specification of a categorization of the domains and subdomains of research, and (iii) refinement and validation of the proposed classification based on a control set of related academic publications. The proposed reasoning model identifies three categories of research domains. The ‘intellectualizations’ category includes research domains such as: (i) philosophy, (ii) ontology, and (iii) epistemology of CTSs. The research domains included in the ‘realizations’ category are: (iv) methodology, and (v) creation of CTSs. The domains considered in the ‘influences’ category are: (vi) manifestations, and (vii) axiology of CTSs. Based on the proposed reasoning model a landscape of foundational research in CTSs is proposed for public debate. Our follow-up study focuses on the extension of the proposed classification to other families of complex engineered systems such as sociotechnical systems and social ecosystems.

The article concerns the current issues of complex systems.

复杂技术系统中基础研究的初步分类

目的：对于复杂技术系统，给出不同研究领域的初步分类，并找出一些研究关注的问题。
创新点：提出了一种推理方法，将复杂技术系统的研究领域分为三类。
方法：1. 对相关的学术刊物进行直觉探索；2. 对领域和子领域研究给出基于证据的分类规范；3. 对基于相关学术刊物的控制给出的分类进行提炼与验证。
结论：复杂技术系统的研究领域分为三类，分别为：（1）智能化类，包括哲学、本体和认识论；（2）实现类，包括方法论和复杂技术系统的创建；（3）影响类，包括表现和价值学。

关键词：基础研究；复杂技术系统；初步分类；研究范畴与领域

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