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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
ISSN 2095-9184 (print), ISSN 2095-9230 (online)
2024 Vol.25 No.2 P.323-332
The engineering of circular causality for specialization and design of complex systems: cad2CAS and casCAD2
Abstract: The emergence of decentralized autonomous organizations and operations (DAOs), equipped with innovative mechanisms, enables new possibilities for transforming traditional social collaborative relationships. Mechanisms are the underlying driver for DAOs. However, as a complex system encompassing both social complexity and engineering complexity, DAO mechanisms need to dynamically adapt to the changing external environment. Traditional top-down approaches cannot effectively deal with these problems. The circular causality theory views the operation of complex systems as a continuously evolving dynamic process, providing new perspectives to address these challenges. This paper proposes an engineering methodology grounded in the principles of parallel intelligence and circular causality theory to develop and specialize DAO mechanisms. Computer-aided dynamic design for complex adaptive systems (cad2CAS) is employed to streamline the design of DAO mechanisms and the complex adaptive system for computer-aided dynamic design (casCAD2) is used to verify and guide these mechanisms, thus establishing a causality loop. By proposing this methodology, we aim to enhance the efficiency, security, and adaptability of DAO governance systems, laying the foundation for more robust and resilient decentralized organizations.
Key words:
Chinese Summary <20> 大规模全基因组SNP分析揭示了鸡品种的全球祖先、种群发展和种群历史的复杂(和多样)的遗传图谱
1Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601, Russia
2School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
3L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, 142132, Russia
摘要：全球范围内的鸡品种基因库中涵盖了数量庞大且多样化起源的多种品系，不过这个数量正逐渐减少。本研究采用了大规模的全基因组分析，探究了49个种群的复杂分子结构、遗传变异性以及详细结构组成。这些种群来自于欧洲（如俄罗斯、捷克共和国、法国、西班牙、英国等）、亚洲（如中国）、北美（如美国）和大洋洲（如澳大利亚），代表了世界各地的鸡品种。我们使用Illumina 60K单核苷酸多态性（SNP）芯片对品种进行了基因型分析，然后进行了生物信息学分析。这一分析包括了杂合子/纯合子统计、近交系数和有效种群大小的计算，以及连锁不平衡的评估和系统发生树的构建。通过多维缩放、主成分分析和ADMIXTURE辅助全球祖先分析，我们探索了每个品种种群和亚群的遗传结构。此外，还进行了总体的49个种群的系统发生分析，并提出了一种精细化的鸡品种形成演化模型，其中包括蛋、肉、兼用型和混合的品种。利用现代基因组方法对家禽养殖中的遗传资源进行如此大规模的调查，不仅对于普遍了解家鸡遗传学的角度具有重要意义，而且对于进一步发展家禽育种中的基因组技术和方法也是至关重要的。总而言之，对来自全球基因库的有发展潜力的鸡品种进行全基因组SNP基因分型，将促进现代基因组学在家禽育种中的进一步发展。
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DOI:
10.1631/FITEE.2300443
CLC number:
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On-line Access:
2024-08-27
Received:
2023-10-17
Revision Accepted:
2024-05-08
Crosschecked:
2023-11-06
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