Abstract: The authors studied and compared the 1898 Reform of China and the Meiji Restoration in an attempt to determine and show the different characteristics and influence, mainly from three aspects: (1) goal and historical background of the reforms,(2) introduction and features of the Western democratic thought into China and Japan,(3) establishment and guiding ideology of the modern educational system.

Key words: 1898 Reform of China, Meiji Restoration, Western democratic thought, modern educational system, comparative study

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