Abstract: It is crucial to conduct a study of vehicle ride comfort using a suitable physical model, and a precise and effective problem-solving method is necessary to describe possible engineering problems to obtain the best analysis of vehicle vibration based on the numerical model. This study establishes different types of vehicle models with different degrees of freedom (DOFs) that use different types of numerical methods. It is shown that results calculated using the Hamming and Runge-Kutta methods are nearly the same when the system has a small number of DOFs. However, when the number is larger, the Hamming method is more stable than other methods. The Hamming method is multi-step, with four orders of precision. The research results show that this method can solve the vehicle vibration problem. Orthogonal experiments and multi-objective optimization are introduced to analyze and optimize the vibration of the vehicle, and the effects of the parameters on the dynamic characteristics are investigated. The solution F₁ (vertical acceleration root mean square of the vehicle) reduces by 0.0352 m/s², which is an improvement of 7.22%, and the solution F₂ (dynamic load coefficient of the tire) reduces by 0.0225, which is an improvement of 6.82% after optimization. The study provides guidance for the analysis of vehicle ride comfort.

Key words: Vehicle model; Hamming method; Runge-Kutta method; Design of experiment; Multi-objective optimization

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