Abstract: A lithium-ion polymer battery cell is an ideal energy source for underwater vehicles due to its high energy density and small volume. However, the performance of lithium-ion batteries in a 10 000 m deep sea is still unknown and is of particular concern in the design of 10 000 m autonomous remote vehicles (ARVs). In this paper, we explore how the external characterizing parameters of a LiFePO₄ polymer battery during discharge are affected by a high pressure of 100 MPa and low temperature of 3 °C for simulating the conditions experienced in a 10 000 m deep sea environment. An unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm is applied to estimate the state of charge (SoC) of a battery to investigate the influence of high hydrostatic pressure on SoC estimation due to changes in parameters. The results indicate that the LiFePO₄ polymer battery works under 100 MPa hydrostatic pressure, but its parameters change obviously and influence SoC estimation. SoC estimation accuracy was improved through compensating the functions of open circuit voltage (OCV) versus the state of charge (OCV-SoC) of the battery in a 100 MPa hydrostatic pressure and a low temperature environment.

Key words: Lithium polymer battery performance; Deep sea environment; State of charge (SoC) estimation; Autonomous remote vehicle (ARV)

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