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Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C
ISSN 1869-1951(Print), 1869-196x(Online), Monthly
2014 Vol.15 No.11 P.999-1008
Inertial measurement unit-camera calibration based on incomplete inertial sensor information
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the problem of estimating the relative orientation between an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a camera. Unlike most existing IMU-camera calibrations, the main challenge in this paper is that the information output from the IMU is incomplete. For example, only two tilt information can be read from the gravity sensor of a smart phone. Despite incomplete inertial information, there are strong restrictions between the IMU and camera coordinate systems. This paper addresses the incomplete information based IMU-camera calibration problem by exploiting the intrinsic restrictions among the coordinate transformations. First, the IMU transformation between two poses is formulated with the unknown IMU information. Then the defective IMU information is restored using the complementary visual information. Finally, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm is applied to estimate the optimal calibration result in noisy environments. Experiments on both synthetic and real data show the validity and robustness of our algorithm.
Key words: Calibration, Computer vision, Inertial sensor, Smart phone, Incomplete information
Chinese Summary <463> 基于部分惯性传感器信息的惯性传感器–摄像机标定方法
创新要点：分析经典手眼标定方法，利用标定方程中有关矩阵的相似性质，使得在缺少惯性传感器Yaw角测量信息的情况下，仍然能够精确标定惯性传感器与摄像机之间的相对姿态。
研究方法：首先，使惯性传感器和摄像机一起运动两次（图3）。根据摄像机拍摄标定板的视频图像求出摄像机两次相对位置姿态，同时记录两次惯性传感器的Roll角和Pitch角的输出。然后，通过分析经典手眼标定方程RAX=XRB（公式4），得出矩阵RA与矩阵RB为相似矩阵，且二者迹相等。据此，恢复两次惯性传感器运动的相对旋转矩阵RB（算法1）。最后，为获得精准标定结果，记录惯性传感器-摄像机设备的多次运动数据，并利用Levenberg-Marquardt（LM）算法进行优化，以减小噪声影响，获得惯性传感器和摄像机之间的相对旋转（图5）。
重要结论：利用相似矩阵的性质，可以恢复两次运动之间惯性传感器间的旋转矩阵，利用LM算法，可以优化标定结果。
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DOI:
10.1631/jzus.C1400038
CLC number:
TP391
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On-line Access:
2014-11-07
Received:
2014-02-07
Revision Accepted:
2014-08-21
Crosschecked:
2014-10-15
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