Abstract: Estimating the target position of low-frequency sound sources in a shallow sea environment is difficult due to the high cost of hydrophone placement and the complexity of the propagation model. We propose a compressed recurrent neural network (C-RNN) model that compresses the signal received by a vector hydrophone into a dynamic sound intensity signal and compresses the target position of the sound source into a GeoHash code. Two types of data are used to carry out prior training on the recurrent neural network, and the trained network is subsequently used to estimate the target position of the sound source. Compared with traditional mathematical models, the C-RNN model functions independently under the complex sound field environment and terrain conditions, and allows for real-time positioning of the sound source under low-parameter operating conditions. Experimental results show that the average error of the model is 56 m for estimating the target position of a low-frequency sound source in a shallow sea environment.

Key words: Vector hydrophone, Shallow sea, Low frequency, Location estimation, Recurrent neural network

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