Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, and their adoption is growing at an exponential rate. However, they are vulnerable to security breaches, and traditional security mechanisms are not enough to protect them. The massive amounts of data generated by IoT devices can be easily manipulated or stolen, posing significant privacy concerns. This paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the integration of blockchain and IoT technologies and their potential to enhance the security and privacy of IoT systems. The paper examines various security issues and vulnerabilities in IoT and explores how blockchain-based solutions can be used to address them. It provides insights into the various security issues and vulnerabilities in IoT and explores how blockchain can be used to enhance security and privacy. The paper also discusses the potential applications of blockchain-based IoT (B-IoT) systems in various sectors, such as healthcare, transportation, and supply chain management. The paper reveals that the integration of blockchain and IoT has the potential to enhance the security, privacy, and trustworthiness of IoT systems. The multi-layered architecture of B-IoT, consisting of perception, network, data processing, and application layers, provides a comprehensive framework for the integration of blockchain and IoT technologies. The study identifies various security solutions for B-IoT, including smart contracts, decentralized control, immutable data storage, identity and access management (IAM), and consensus mechanisms. The study also discusses the challenges and future research directions in the field of B-IoT.

Key words: Blockchain; Internet of Things (IoT); Blockchain-based IoT (B-IoT); Security; Scalability; Privacy

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