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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
ISSN 2095-9184 (print), ISSN 2095-9230 (online)
2024 Vol.25 No.1 P.160-169
TendiffPure: a convolutional tensor-train denoising diffusion model for purification
Abstract: Diffusion models are effective purification methods, where the noises or adversarial attacks are removed using generative approaches before pre-existing classifiers conducting classification tasks. However, the efficiency of diffusion models is still a concern, and existing solutions are based on knowledge distillation which can jeopardize the generation quality because of the small number of generation steps. Hence, we propose TendiffPure as a tensorized and compressed diffusion model for purification. Unlike the knowledge distillation methods, we directly compress U-Nets as backbones of diffusion models using tensor-train decomposition, which reduces the number of parameters and captures more spatial information in multi-dimensional data such as images. The space complexity is reduced from O(N2) to O(NR2) with R≤4 as the tensor-train rank and N as the number of channels. Experimental results show that TendiffPure can more efficiently obtain high-quality purification results and outperforms the baseline purification methods on CIFAR-10, Fashion-MNIST, and MNIST datasets for two noises and one adversarial attack.
Key words: Diffusion models; Tensor decomposition; Image denoising
1天津市第一中心医院泌尿外科,中国天津市,300192
2天津医科大学第一中心临床学院泌尿外科,中国天津市,300192
摘要:癌症免疫治疗已成为继手术、放疗和化疗之后的第四大主流治疗选择,并取得了令人鼓舞的成果。肿瘤免疫治疗通过调动或激发机体自身的免疫功能,从而抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞。然而,肿瘤免疫治疗作为一种新兴的治疗手段,由于缺乏有效的免疫细胞传递途径以及具有较高的毒副作用,在临床上的应用受到限制。近年来,纳米材料和基因工程在保护抗原递送、激活靶向T细胞、调节免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境和提高治疗效果等方面显示出巨大的潜力。卡介苗是一种用于预防结核病的减毒牛分枝杆菌活疫苗,于1927年首次报道其抗肿瘤活性。卡介苗可通过诱导多种细胞因子和趋化因子激活免疫系统,其特异性免疫和炎症反应可发挥抗肿瘤作用。20世纪70年代,卡介苗首次作为治疗膀胱癌的膀胱灌注药物,有效地提高了免疫抗肿瘤活性,防止肿瘤复发。最近,纳米卡介苗和基因工程卡介苗因其能诱导更强且更稳定的免疫反应,被提出作为膀胱癌的治疗方案。在本研究中,我们概述了纳米卡介苗和基因工程卡介苗用于膀胱癌免疫治疗的发展,并回顾了它们的潜力和挑战。
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DOI:
10.1631/FITEE.2300392
CLC number:
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On-line Access:
2024-08-27
Received:
2023-10-17
Revision Accepted:
2024-05-08
Crosschecked:
2024-01-03