Abstract: Parallel transportation serves as a holistic paradigm for achieving intelligent traffic management and control, focusing on addressing the complexity of human and social factors. Recently, the emergence and development of foundational models (FMs) have ushered in a new era for the realization of parallel transportation. However, the inherent issues of “hallucinations,” outdated knowledge, and the “black-box” nature of FMs render their generated decisions unreliable and untrustworthy. To address these issues, we propose a TransRAG framework for parallel transportation based on retrieval-augmented generation and chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. TransRAG is composed of three interacting layers, storage, management, and execution, which work together to deliver personalized and diverse traffic services to users. The external knowledge from the storage layer is incorporated to augment the FM in management layers for computational experiments. The real–virtual interaction between artificial and actual transportation systems is used to continuously optimize the decisions from the management layer. Therefore, TransRAG can incrementally update knowledge and adjust strategies to adapt to the evolving and dynamic traffic environment. Additionally, the integration of blockchain, smart contracts, and caching into TransRAG is expected to address a range of challenges, such as single point of failure, potential privacy breaches, and delays in data access, thereby advancing the transition to “6S” Transportation 5.0.

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