Abstract: The whole Marxist theory centers on the emancipation and freedom of human beings, the naming of his highest ideal as `association of free individuals' being the clear proof. However, it would be superficial to announce Marxism as humanism of individualism according to Marx's pursuit of `free development of each'. The `free development of each' put forward by Marx when describing the `association of free individuals' refers to individuals' re-subjecting their social relations that have been changed into material powers owing to private ownership and alienation. In this sense, the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. In this very sense, too, the foundation of the real community is required as the presupposition so as to relate his theory of freedom to the theory on the elimination of private ownership and the alienation and elimination of class and state finally.

Key words: association of free individuals, Marx, humanism

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