Abstract: CO₂ capture is considered an effective technology to control the CO₂ level in the atmosphere, but its development has been restricted due to its high energy requirement during CO₂ concentration. Theoretical thermodynamic models have been used not only to predict energy consumption, but also to elucidate the energy conversion mechanism. However, the existing theoretical models have been applied without a clear consideration of boundaries, conditions, and limitations in thermodynamic images. Consequently, the results from such theoretical models can lead to a misunderstanding of the energy conversion mechanism during CO₂ capture. A comparative analysis of three theoretical thermodynamic models, namely the mixture gas separation (MGS), carbon pump (CP), and thermodynamic carbon pump (TCP) models, was presented in this paper. The characteristics of these models for determining the energy consumption of CO₂ capture were clarified and compared in relation to their practical application. The idealization levels of these models were demonstrated through comparison of theoretical estimates of the energy required for CO₂ concentration. The correctness and convenience of the CP model were proved through a comparison between the CP and MGS models. The TCP model proposed in this study was proved to approach the ideal status more closely than the CP model. Finally, an application of the TCP model was presented through a case study on direct capture of CO₂ from the air (DAC).

Key words: CO₂ capture; Energy consumption; Theoretical model; Carbon pump

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