Abstract: For geotechnical engineering, numerous applications involve multiscale and multiphysics processes, such as internal erosion, hydraulic fracturing, energy piles, municipal waste disposal, production from unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, heat stimulation and depressurization of natural gas hydrate formation, pavement subjected to heating-cooling cycles, contaminant transport, and CO₂ sequestration. In the literature, the terminology "multiphysics" always implies two or more physical fields in the so-called thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical-bio-electrical coupling. Furthermore, the spatial scale of interest may range from the nanoscale to the microscale for material characterization purposes, and to hundreds of kilometers for geological and reservoir engineering applications. The time scale can also range from nano-seconds to several hundreds or thousands of years. Benefitted from the sustained development of computing power and of sophisticated equipment manufacturing, numerical simulations and multiscale laboratory testing are widespread in modern geomechanics. For example, constitutive theories that address suction and temperature dependences, field equations and poromechanical constants considering poro-thermo-chemo-elasticity or multiple porosity , and advanced numerical schemes such as the multiscale finite element method-finite volume method (FEM-FVM) have been successfully developed. Moreover, this research field has attracted more attention in recent years.

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