Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in magnetic structured triboelectric nanogenerators (MSTENGs) and their potential for energy harvesting and sensing in coastal bridge infrastructure. This paper begins with a brief discussion on the fundamental physics modes of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), triboelectric series, and factors affecting TENG power generation and transmission, providing a foundation for the subsequent sections. The review focuses on the different types of MSTENGs and their applications in coastal infrastructure. Specifically, it covers magnetic spherical TENG networks, magnet-assisted TENGs, MSTENGs for bridges, and magnetic multilayer structures based on TENGs. The advantages and limitations of each type of MSTENG are discussed in detail, highlighting their respective suitability for different coastal bridge infrastructure applications. In addition, the paper addresses the challenges and provides insights into the future of MSTENGs. These include the need for improved durability and sustainability of MSTENGs in harsh coastal environments, increasing their power-output levels to fulfill high energy needs, and the requirement for collaborative efforts between academia, industry, and government institutions to optimize MSTENG performance.

Key words: Energy harvesting; Intelligent coastal infrastructure; Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG); Magnetic structured

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