Abstract: This study focused on the hydraulic conductivity of sand in centrifuge modeling. A self-designed temperature-controlled falling-head permeameter apparatus was used, and a series of falling-head seepage tests were performed on sand samples with various porosities at different temperatures and centrifugal accelerations. The objectives were to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the effects of temperature, porosity, and centrifugal acceleration on the hydraulic conductivity of sand and to study the applicability of the Kozeny-Carman equation for the centrifugal environment. Test results showed that in a similar temperature range and under the same porosity, the hydraulic conductivity of the sand is linearly correlated with centrifugal acceleration. When subjected to the same centrifugal acceleration and in a similar temperature range, the hydraulic conductivity of the sand exhibits an almost linear increase in relation to its porosity function (s³/(1-s)²); the functional relationships between the hydraulic conductivity of the sand and temperature, centrifugal acceleration level, and porosity were established using two pathways. When the centrifugal acceleration is less than 50g, the Kozeny-Carman equation is effectively accurate in predicting the hydraulic conductivity of sand; however, when the centrifugal acceleration exceeds 50g, it is important to consider a significant error.

Key words: Hydraulic conductivity of sand; Temperature; Porosity; Centrifugal acceleration; Kozeny-Carman equation

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