Abstract: Objective: The treatment of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) with moderate proteinuria remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of immune suppressants, with a particular emphasis on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Methods: Ninety-five HSP patients with moderate proteinuria (1.0–3.5 g/24 h) after at least three months of therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) were divided into three groups: an MMF group (n=33) that received MMF 1.0–1.5 g/d combined with prednisone (0.4–0.5 mg/(kg·d)), a corticosteroid (CS) group (n=31) that received full-dose prednisone (0.8–1.0 mg/(kg·d)), and a control group (n=31). Patients in the MMF and CS groups continued to take ACEI or ARB at the original dose. The patients in the control group continued to take ACEI or ARB but the dose was increased by (1.73±0.58)-fold. The patients were followed up for 6–78 months (median 28 months). Results: The baseline proteinuria was higher in the MMF group ((2.1±0.9) g/24 h) than in the control group ((1.6±0.8) g/24 h) (P=0.039). The proteinuria decreased significantly in all groups during follow-up, but only in the MMF group did it decrease significantly after the first month. At the end of follow-up, the proteinuria was (0.4±0.7) g/24 h in the MMF group and (0.4±0.4) g/24 h in the CS group, significantly lower than that in the control group ((0.9±1.1) g/24 h). The remission rates in the MMF group, CS group, and control group were respectively 72.7%, 71.0%, and 48.4% at six months and 72.7%, 64.5%, and 45.2% at the end of follow-up. The overall number of reported adverse events was 17 in the MMF group, 30 in the CS group, and 6 in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: MMF with low-dose prednisone may be as effective as full-dose prednisone and tend to have fewer adverse events. Therefore, it is probably superior to conservative treatments of adult HSP patients with moderate proteinuria.

Key words: Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Nephritis, Mycophenolate mofetil, Remission

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