Abstract: Objective: To investigate the protective effects of parecoxib from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in rat astrocytes in vitro. Methods: All experiments included 4 groups: (1) negative control (NC) group, without any treatment; (2) H₂O₂ treatment group, 100 μmol/L H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h; (3) and (4) parecoxib pretreatment groups, 80 and 160 μmol/L parecoxib treatment for 24 h, respectively, and then treated with 100 μmol/L H₂O₂. Several indices were investigated, and the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were quantified. Results: Compared to the NC group, exposure to H₂O₂ resulted in significant morphological changes, which could be reversed by pretreatment of parecoxib. In addition, H₂O₂ treatment led to loss of viability (P=0.026) and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (P<0.001), and induced apoptosis (P<0.01) in the primary astrocytes relative to the NC group. However, in the parecoxib pretreatment groups, all the above changes reversed significantly (P<0.05) as compared to the H₂O₂ treatment group, and were nearly unchanged when compared to the NC group. Mechanical investigation showed that dysregulated Bax, Bcl-2, and BDNF could be implicated in these changes. Conclusions: Our results indicated that parecoxib provided a protective effect from oxidative stress induced by exposure to H₂O₂.

Key words: Parecoxib, Primary astrocyte, Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Bax, Bcl-2

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