|
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B
ISSN 1673-1581(Print), 1862-1783(Online), Monthly
2021 Vol.22 No.10 P.791-804
Transcriptional memory and response to adverse temperatures in plants
Abstract: Temperature is one of the major environmental signals controlling plant development, geographical distribution, and seasonal behavior. Plants perceive adverse temperatures, such as high, low, and freezing temperatures, as stressful signals that can cause physiological defects and even death. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to recurring stressful environments through changing gene expression or transcriptional reprogramming. Transcriptional memory refers to the ability of primed plants to remember previously experienced stress and acquire enhanced tolerance to similar or different stresses. Epigenetic modifications mediate transcriptional memory and play a key role in adapting to adverse temperatures. Understanding the mechanisms of the formation, maintenance, and resetting of stress-induced transcriptional memory will not only enable us to understand why there is a trade-off between plant defense and growth, but also provide a theoretical basis for generating stress-tolerant crops optimized for future climate change. In this review, we summarize recent advances in dissecting the mechanisms of plant transcriptional memory in response to adverse temperatures, based mainly on studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We also discuss remaining questions that are important for further understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional memory during the adverse temperature response.
Key words: Transcriptional memory; Temperature stress; Vernalization; Cold acclimation; Thermomorphogenesis; Heat stress
伊斯兰阿扎德大学科学与研究部电气与计算机工程系,伊朗德黑兰市,1477893855
摘要:近年来,在纳米尺度上使用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术设计逻辑电路面临着各种挑战。漏电流、短效应沟道和高能量耗散是一些亟待解决的问题。量子点元胞自动机(QCA)代表了未来可能替代CMOS的一种合适选择,因为与标准CMOS相比,它消耗的能量微不足道。设计算术电路关键是基于1位全加器的结构。低复杂度的全加器模块有利于开发各种复杂结构。本文介绍了基于单元交互的可扩展1位QCA全加器结构。我们提出的全加器包含QCA设计偏好,例如使用的单元数量少、延迟低和占用面积小。此外,所提结构已扩展到更大的电路,包括4位行波进位加法器(RCA)、4位行波借位减法器(RBS)、加/减电路和2位阵列乘法器。所有设计均使用QCA Designer-E 2.2版软件进行仿真和验证。该工具可以估计能量消耗以及评估电路的性能。仿真结果表明,所提设计在复杂度、面积、延迟、成本和能量消耗方面都是有效的。
关键词组:
References:
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>
DOI:
10.1631/jzus.B2100287
CLC number:
Download Full Text:
Downloaded:
2726
Download summary:
<Click Here>Downloaded:
1382Clicked:
3579
Cited:
0
On-line Access:
2021-10-12
Received:
2021-03-21
Revision Accepted:
2021-05-19
Crosschecked:
0000-00-00