Abstract: Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes (Lykke-Andersen and Jensen, 2015; Kurosaki et al., 2019; Yi et al., 2021; Karousis and Mühlemann, 2022; Mailliot et al., 2022). NMD is considered as an RNA surveillance machinery to regulate mRNA abundance and eventual protein expression. NMD can recognize and degrade aberrant mRNAs, which contain premature termination codons (PTCs) located at least 50‍‒‍55 nucleotides upstream of the last exon‍‒‍exon junction. This process prevents possible toxic effects from translated truncated proteins (Lykke-Andersen and Jensen, 2015; Kurosaki et al., 2019; Karousis and Mühlemann, 2022; Mailliot et al., 2022). Previous research has shown that NMD can recognize special structures of mRNAs with physiological functions, such as the long 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) and upstream open reading frames of mRNAs, to regulate cell fate (Li et al., 2015). Thus, NMD is essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in mammals (Lykke-Andersen and Jensen, 2015; Hug et al., 2016; Han et al., 2018; Jaffrey and Wilkinson, 2018; Nasif et al., 2018; Popp and Maquat, 2018; Fang et al., 2022).

Key words: Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay; UPF3A; UPF3B; Expression

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