Abstract: Complex brain diseases seriously endanger human health, and early diagnostic biomarkers and effective treatments are currently lacking. Due to ethical constraints on human research, establishing monkey models is crucial to address these issues. With the rapid development of technology, transgenic monkey models of a range of brain diseases, especially autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been successfully established. However, to establish practical and effective brain disease models and subsequently apply them to disease mechanism and treatment studies, there is still a lack of a standard tool, i.e., a system for collecting and analyzing the daily behaviors of brain disease model monkeys. Therefore, with the goal of undertaking a comprehensive and quantitative study of behavioral phenotypes, we established a standard daily behavior collection and analysis system, including behavioral data collection protocols and a monkey daily behavior ethogram (MDBE) for rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, which are the most commonly used non-human primates in model construction. Then, we used ASD as an application example after referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), which is widely used in clinical disease diagnosis to obtain ASD core clinical symptoms. We then established a sub-ethogram (ASD monkey core behavior ethogram (MCBE-ASD)) specifically for quantitative assessment of the core clinical symptoms of an ASD monkey model based on MDBE. Subsequently, we demonstrated the high reproducibility of the system.

Key words: Monkey daily behavior ethogram; Monkey behavior collection protocol; Rhesus monkey; Cynomolgus monkey; Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

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