Similar articles

Abstract: Localization is one of the substantial issues in wireless sensor networks. The key problem for the mobile beacon localization is how to choose the appropriate beacon trajectory. However, little research has been done on it. In this paper, firstly, we deduce the number of positions for a beacon to send a packet according to the acreage of ROI (region of interest); and next we present a novel method based on virtual force to arrange the positions in arbitrary ROI; then we apply TSP (travelling salesman problem) algorithm to the positions sequence to obtain the optimal touring path, i.e. the reduced beacon trajectory. When a mobile beacon moves along the touring path, sending RF signals at every position, the sensors in ROI can work out their position with trilateration. Experimental results demonstrate that the localization method, based on the beacon reduced path, is efficient and has flexible accuracy.

[1] Alippi, C., Vanini, G., 2004. Wireless Sensor Networks and Radio Localization: A Metrological Analysis of the MICA2 Received Signal Strength Indicator. Proc. 29th Annual IEEE Int. Conf. on Local Computer Networks, p.579-580.

[2] Bulusu, N., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D., 2000. GPS-less low-cost outdoor localization for very small devices. IEEE Wirel. Commun.,7(5):28-34.

[3] Bulusu, N., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D., 2001. Adaptive Beacon Placement. Proc. 21st Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems, p.489-498.

[4] Dang, J.W., Jin, F., 1998. Application of neural network method to the multiple travelling salesmen problem. Acta Electronica Sinica, 26(5):113-115 (in Chinese).

[5] Doherty, L., Pister, K.S.J., El Ghaoui, L., 2001. Convex Position Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks. INFOCOM, p.1655-1663.

[6] Dutta, P., Bergbreiter, S., 2003. MobiLoc: Mobility Enhanced Localization. Http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~prabal/projects/cs294-1/

[7] Galstyan, A., Krishnamachari, B., Lerman, K., Pattem, S., 2004. Distributed Online Localization in Sensor Networks Using a Moving Target. Int. Symp. on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, p.61-70.

[8] Hashemi, H., 1993. The indoor radio propagation channel. Proc. IEEE, 81(7):943-968.

[9] Huang, C.F., Tseng, Y.C., 2003. The Coverage Problem in a Wireless Sensor Network. Proc. 2nd ACM Int. Conf. on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, p.115-121.

[10] Koutsonikolas, D., Das, S.M., Hu, Y.C., 2007. Path planning of mobile landmarks for localization in wireless sensor networks. Computer Commun., 30(13):2577-2592.

[11] Li, S.J., Xu, C.F., Pan, W.K., Pan, Y.H., 2005. Sensor Deployment Optimization for Detecting Maneuvering Targets. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Information Fusion, 2:1629-1635.

[12] Li, S.J., Xu, C.F., Wu, Z.H., Pan, Y.H., 2006. Optimal deployment and protection strategy in sensor network for target tracking. Acta Electronica Sinica, 34(1):71-76 (in Chinese).

[13] Li, X.L., Shi, H.C., Shang, Y., 2005. A Sorted RSSI Quantization Based Algorithm for Sensor Network Localization. Proc. 11th Int. Conf. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1:557-563.

[14] Liu, C., Wu, K., He, T., 2004. Sensor Localization with Ring Overlapping Based on Comparison of Received Signal Strength Indicator. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, p.516-518.

[15] Lymberopoulos, D., Lindsey, Q., Savvides, A., 2005. An Empirical Analysis of Radio Signal Strength Variability in IEEE 802.15.4 Networks Using Monopole Antennas. ENALAB, Yale Univ.

[16] Ma, M., Yang, Y., 2007. Adaptive triangular deployment algorithm for unattended mobile sensor networks. IEEE Trans. on Computers, 56(7):946-958.

[17] Niculescu, D., Nath, B., 2001. Ad Hoc Positioning System (APS). GLOBECOM’01. IEEE Press, San Antonio, p.2926-2931.

[18] Niculescu, D., Nath, B., 2004. Position and orientation in ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 2(2):133-151.

[19] Patro, R.K., 2004. Localization in Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile Beacons. Proc. 23rd IEEE Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Israel, p.22-24.

[20] Patwari, N., Hero, A.O., Perkins, M., Correal, N., O'Dea, R.J., 2003. Relative location estimation in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 51(8):2137-2148.

[21] Priyantha, N.B., Chakraborty, A., Balakrishnan, H., 2000. The Cricket Location-Support System. Proc. 6th Annual ACM Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, p.32-43.

[22] Savarese, C., Rabay, J., Langendoen, K., 2001. Location in Distributed Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Networks. Proc. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, p.2037-2040.

[23] Savvides, A., Han, C.C., Strivastava, M.B., 2001. Dynamic Fine-grained Localization in Ad-hoc Networks of Sensors. Proc. 7th Annual Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking. Rome, Italy, p.166-179.

[24] Seidel, S.Y., Rappaport, T.S., 1992. 914 MHz path loss prediction models for indoor wireless communications in multifloored buildings. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 40(2):207-217.

[25] Shi, H.C., Li, X.L., Shang, Y., 2005. Cramer-Rao Bound Analysis of Quantized RSSI Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE/IFIP Int. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Embedded Systems, 2:32-36.

[26] Sichitiu, M.L., Ramadurai, V., 2004. Localization of Wireless Sensor Networks with a Mobile Beacon. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, p.174-183.

[27] Ssu, K.F., Ou, C.H., Jiau, H.C., 2005. Localization with mobile anchor points in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technol., 54(3):1187-1197.

[28] Sun, G.L., Guo, W., 2004. Comparison of Distributed Localization Algorithms for Sensor Network with a Mobile Beacon. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Networking Sensing and Control, 1:536-540.

[29] Wang, F.B., Shi, L., Ren, F.Y., 2005. Self-localization systems and algorithms for wireless sensor networks. J. Software, 16(5):857-868 (in Chinese).

[30] Yedavalli, K., Krishnamachari, B., Ravula, S., Srinivasan, B., 2005. Ecolocation: A Technique for RF Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proc. Information, Processing in Sensor Networks, p.285-292.

[31] Yick, J., Bharathidasan, A., Pasternack, G., Mukherjee, B., Ghosal, D., 2004. Optimizing Placement of Beacons and Data Loggers in a Sensor Network—A Case Study. Proc. IEEE Conf. on Wireless Communications and Networking, 4:2486-2491.

[32] Zhang, H.H., Hou, J.C., 2005. Maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity in large sensor networks. Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, 1(1-2):89-123.

[33] Zou, Y., Chakrabarty, K., 2004. Sensor deployment and target localization in distributed sensor networks. ACM Trans. on Embedded Comput. Syst., 3(1):61-91.