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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 

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MAL: multilevel active learning with BERT for Chinese affective structure analysis


Author(s):  Shufeng XIONG, Guipei ZHANG, Xiaobo FAN, Wenjie TIAN, Lei XI, Hebing LIU, Haiping SI

Affiliation(s):  Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Corresponding email(s):  xsf@whu.edu.cn, haiping@henau.edu.cn

Key Words:  Sentiment analysis; Sequence labeling; Active learning; BERT


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Shufeng XIONG, Guipei ZHANG, Xiaobo FAN, Wenjie TIAN, Lei XI, Hebing LIU, Haiping SI. MAL: multilevel active learning with BERT for Chinese affective structure analysis[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2400242

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doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2400242"
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Abstract: 
Chinese textual affective structure analysis is a sequence labeling task that often relies on supervised deep learning methods. However, acquiring a large annotated dataset for training can be expensive and time-consuming. Active learning offers a solution by selecting the most valuable samples to reduce labeling costs. Previous approaches have focused on uncertainty or diversity but faced challenges such as biased models or selecting insignificant samples. To address these issues, this paper introduces multilevel active learning (MAL), which leverages the power of deep textual information at both the sentence and word levels, taking into account the complex structure of the Chinese language. By integrating the sentence-level features extracted from BERT embeddings and the word-level probability distributions obtained through a CRF model, MAL comprehensively captures the affective structure of Chinese text. Experimental results demonstrate that MAL significantly reduces annotation costs by approximately 70% and achieves more consistent performance compared to baseline strategies.

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