JZUS - Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A

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Structural optimization of the rotary valve in a two-stage Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocooler working at liquid helium temperatures

Author(s): Qinyu ZHAO, Jun CHENG, Yanrui ZHANG, Haoren WANG, Bo WANG, Ruize LI, Hua ZHANG, Zhihua GAN
Affiliation(s): School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; more
Corresponding email(s): wangbo@hzcu.edu.cn, zhanghua@usst.edu.cn
Key Words: Rotary valve; Exergy analysis; Liquid helium temperature; Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocooler (GM-PTC); High efficiency

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Qinyu ZHAO, Jun CHENG, Yanrui ZHANG, Haoren WANG, Bo WANG, Ruize LI, Hua ZHANG, Zhihua GAN. Structural optimization of the rotary valve in a two-stage Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocooler working at liquid helium temperatures[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A,in press.Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2300638

@article{title="Structural optimization of the rotary valve in a two-stage Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocooler working at liquid helium temperatures",
author="Qinyu ZHAO, Jun CHENG, Yanrui ZHANG, Haoren WANG, Bo WANG, Ruize LI, Hua ZHANG, Zhihua GAN",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
year="in press",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2300638"
}

%0 Journal Article
%T Structural optimization of the rotary valve in a two-stage Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocooler working at liquid helium temperatures
%A Qinyu ZHAO
%A Jun CHENG
%A Yanrui ZHANG
%A Haoren WANG
%A Bo WANG
%A Ruize LI
%A Hua ZHANG
%A Zhihua GAN
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
%P 109-120
%@ 1673-565X
%D in press
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2300638"

TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural optimization of the rotary valve in a two-stage Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocooler working at liquid helium temperatures
A1 - Qinyu ZHAO
A1 - Jun CHENG
A1 - Yanrui ZHANG
A1 - Haoren WANG
A1 - Bo WANG
A1 - Ruize LI
A1 - Hua ZHANG
A1 - Zhihua GAN
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science A
SP - 109
EP - 120
%@ 1673-565X
Y1 - in press
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2300638"

Abstract
Chinese Summary
Academic Network
Reviewer Comment

Abstract: Gifford-McMahon-type pulse-tube cryocoolers (GM-PTCs) working at liquid helium temperatures are promising in quantum technology and cryogenic physics for their high reliability and minimal vibration. These features stem from the fact that there are no extra moving parts introduced into the system. The rotary valve is a key component in GM-PTCs that transfers the output exergy from the compressor to the cold head. Because a low Carnot efficiency of 1.58% is achieved at liquid helium temperatures, optimizing the rotary valve is crucial for improving the efficiency of GM-PTCs. In this regard, an exergy-loss analysis method is proposed in this paper to quantitatively obtain the leakage loss and viscosity loss of a rotary valve by experimental measurements. The results show that viscosity loss accounts for more than 97.5% of the total exergy loss in the rotary valve, and that it is possible to improve the structure of the rotary valve by expanding the flow area by 1.5 times. To verify the method, the cooling temperature and power of a remote two-stage GM-PTC were monitored, with original or optimized rotary valves installed. The experimental results show that compared to the original rotary valve, the optimized rotary valve can improve the cooling efficiency of a GM-PTC by 16.4%, with a cooling power of 0.78 W at 4.2 K.

液氦温区Gifford-McMahon脉管制冷机的旋转阀结构优化

作者：赵钦宇¹，程君²，张艳瑞²，王浩任^2,3，王博²，李睿泽^2,3，张华¹，甘智华^2,3
机构：¹上海理工大学，能源与动力工程学院，中国上海，200093；²浙大城市学院，浙江省制冷与低温重点实验室，中国杭州，310015；³浙江大学，浙江省制冷与低温重点实验室，中国杭州，310027
目的：液氦温区Gifford-McMahon（GM）脉管制冷机以其长寿命和低振动等优势逐渐成为量子科技和低温物理等尖端科学领域的理想制冷源，但现有旋转阀部件中的不可逆损失严重限制了其在液氦温区的制冷效率。本文旨在提升液氦温区GM脉管制冷机的制冷性能。针对GM脉管制冷机的关键部件旋转阀，本文开发了以泄露损失和流阻损失为指标的㶲损评估方法，优化了旋转阀的结构并基于实验进行了验证，以期为液氦温区高效大冷量的GM脉管制冷机的开发提供参考。
创新点：1.通过交变流动旋转阀㶲损失方程，构建以泄露损失和流阻损失为指标的GM脉管制冷机旋转阀㶲损评估方法；2.搭建实验测试平台，对旋转阀烟损失进行定量测算；3.完整开展从㶲损失理论分析到旋转阀关键部件优化再到实际制冷机性能提升的闭环研究。
方法：1.通过理论分析，推导获得旋转阀内㶲损失特性与操作参数的定量关系(公式(2)~(6))；2.分别搭建旋转阀泄漏流量测试平台(图3)和㶲损失评估平台(图5)，并根据实验平台定量分析不同运行频率、充气压力和负载对旋转阀㶲损失分布的影响；3.通过Sage软件计算旋转阀流阻损失对脉管制冷机制冷性能的影响情况(图9)，并结合实际工艺扩大现有旋转阀的流通面积；4.通过旋转阀㶲损失分析和脉管制冷机性能测试的方法验证所述理论。
结论：1.在液氦温区GM脉管制冷机内的旋转阀中，流阻损失占97.5%以上，泄露损失只占2.5%，因此流阻损失是主要的㶲损失；2.旋转阀流通面积扩大1.5倍后其内流阻显著降低，且压缩机输出㶲可提高1.2~1.5倍；3.使用低流阻旋转阀驱动同一台制冷机冷头时，脉管制冷机可获得0.78 W@4.2 K制冷量，且制冷性能提高约16.4%。

关键词组：旋转阀；㶲分析；液氦温区；GM脉管制冷机；高效制冷

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液氦温区Gifford-McMahon脉管制冷机的旋转阀结构优化

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