Similar articles

Abstract: flame stabilization is the key to extending scramjets to hypersonic speeds; accordingly, this topic has attracted much attention in theoretical research and engineering design. This study performed large eddy simulations (LESs) of lifted hydrogen jet combustion in a stepped-wall combustor, focusing on the flame stabilization mechanisms, especially for the autoignition effect. An assumed probability density function (PDF) approach was used to close the subgrid chemical reaction source. The reliability of the solver was confirmed by comparing the LES results with experimental data and published simulated results. The hydrogen jet and the incoming stream were first mixed by entraining large-scale vortices in the shear layer, and stable combustion in the near-wall region was achieved downstream of the flame induction region. The autoignition cascade is a transition of fuel-rich flame to stoichiometric ratio flame that plays a role in forming the flame base, which subsequently causes downstream flame stabilization. Three cases with different jet total temperatures are compared, and the results show that the increase in the total temperature reduces the lift-off distance of the flame. In the highest total temperature case, an excessively large scalar dissipation rate inhibits the autoignition cascade, resulting in a fuel-rich low-temperature flame.

超声速台阶壁面燃烧室中射流抬举火焰的稳定机制

[1]Baurle RA, Hsu AT, Hassan HA, 1995. Assumed and evolution probability density functions in supersonic turbulent combustion calculations. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 11(6):1132-1138.

[2]Boivin P, Dauptain A, Jiménez C, et al., 2012. Simulation of a supersonic hydrogen–air autoignition-stabilized flame using reduced chemistry. Combustion and Flame, 159(4):1779-1790.

[3]Bouheraoua L, Domingo P, Ribert G, 2017. Large-eddy simulation of a supersonic lifted jet flame: analysis of the turbulent flame base. Combustion and Flame, 179:199-218.

[4]Burrows MC, Kurkov AP, 1973. An analytical and experimental study of supersonic combustion of hydrogen in vitiated air stream. AIAA Journal, 11(9):1217-1218.

[5]Cheng T, Wehrmeyer J, Pitz R, et al., 1991. Finite-rate chemistry effects in a Mach 2 reacting flow. 27th Joint Propulsion Conference.

[6]Chung SH, 2007. Stabilization, propagation and instability of tribrachial triple flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31(1):877-892.

[7]Clark RJ, Bade Shrestha SO, 2013. Review of numerical modeling and simulation results pertaining to high-speed combustion in scramjets. Proceedings of the 49th AIAA/ ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, p.3724.

[8]Edwards JR, Boles JA, Baurle RA, 2012. Large-eddy/ Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of a supersonic reacting wall jet. Combustion and Flame, 159(3):1127-1138.

[9]Engblom W, Frate F, Nelson C, 2005. Progress in validation of Wind-US for ramjet/scramjet combustion. 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.

[10]Förster H, Sattelmayer T, 2008. Validity of an assumed PDF combustion model For SCRAMJET applications. 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference.

[11]Frankel SH, Hassan HA, Drummond JP, 1990. A hybrid Reynolds averaged/PDF closure model for supersonic turbulent combustion. 21st Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference.

[12]Garnier E, Adams N, Sagaut P, 2009. Large Eddy Simulation for Compressible Flows. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

[13]Jachimowski CJ, 1988. An Analytical Study of the Hydrogen-air Reaction Mechanism with Application to Scramjet Combustion. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA.

[14]Jameson A., 1991. Time dependent calculations using multigrid, with applications to unsteady flows past airfoils and wings. 10th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference.

[15]Karami S, Hawkes ER, Talei M, et al., 2015. Mechanisms of flame stabilisation at low lifted height in a turbulent lifted slot-jet flame. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 777:633-689.

[16]Lawn CJ, 2009. Lifted flames on fuel jets in co-flowing air. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 35(1):1-30.

[17]Liu CY, Wang ZG, Wang HB, et al., 2016. Mixing characteristics of a transverse jet injection into supersonic crossflows through an expansion wall. Acta Astronautica, 129: 161-173.

[18]Liu CY, Wang ZG, Wang HB, et al., 2017. Large eddy simulation of cavity-stabilized hydrogen combustion in a diverging supersonic combustor. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(48):28918-28931.

[19]Liu CY, Wang ZG, Sun MB, et al., 2019. Characteristics of a cavity-stabilized hydrogen jet flame in a model scramjet combustor. AIAA Journal, 57(4):1624-1635.

[20]Mastorakos E, 2009. Ignition of turbulent non-premixed flames. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 35(1):57-97.

[21]Miake-Lye RC, Hammer JA, 1989. Lifted turbulent jet flames: a stability criterion based on the jet large-scale structure. Symposium (International) on Combustion, 22(1):817-824.

[22]Moule Y, Sabelnikov V, Mura A, 2014. Highly resolved numerical simulation of combustion in supersonic hydrogen –air coflowing jets. Combustion and Flame, 161(10):2647-2668.

[23]O’brien EE, 1980. The probability density function (pdf) approach to reacting turbulent flows. In: Libby PA, Williams FA (Eds.), Turbulent Reacting Flows. Springer, Berlin, Germany, p.185-218.

[24]Pitsch H, Desjardins O, Balarac G, et al., 2008. Large-eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 44(6):466-478.

[25]Star J, Edwards J, Smart M, et al., 2006. Investigation of scramjet flow path stability in a shock tunnel. 36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit.

[26]Sun MB, Wang ZG, Liang JH, et al., 2008. Flame characteristics in supersonic combustor with hydrogen injection upstream of cavity flameholder. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 24(4):688-696.

[27]Vyasaprasath K, Oh S, Kim KS, et al., 2015. Numerical studies of supersonic planar mixing and turbulent combustion using a detached eddy simulation (DES) model. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 16(4):560-570.

[28]Wang HB, Sun MB, Wu HY, et al., 2010. Investigation of dual time-step approach for supersonic combustion flow. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 32(3):1-6 (in Chinese).

[29]Wang HB, Qin N, Sun MB, et al., 2011. A hybrid LES (large eddy simulation)/assumed sub-grid PDF (probability density function) model for supersonic turbulent combustion. Science China Technological Sciences, 54(10):2694.

[30]Wang HB, Wang ZG, Sun MB, et al., 2013. Combustion characteristics in a supersonic combustor with hydrogen injection upstream of cavity flameholder. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 34(2):2073-2082.

[31]Wang HB, Wang ZG, Sun MB, et al., 2014. Numerical study on supersonic mixing and combustion with hydrogen injection upstream of a cavity flameholder. Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(2):211-223.

[32]Watson KA, Lyons KM, Donbar JM, et al., 2003. On scalar dissipation and partially premixed flame propagation. Combustion Science and Technology, 175(4):649-664.

[33]Yoon S, Jameson A, 1988. Lower-upper symmetric-Gauss-Seidel method for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. AIAA Journal, 26(9):1025-1026.

[34]Yoshizawa A, Horiuti K, 1985. A statistically-derived subgrid-scale kinetic energy model for the large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 54(8):2834-2839.