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Abstract: It is important to understand the effects of temporal changes in microbial communities in the acidic soils of tea orchards with different fertilizers. A field experiment involving organic fertilizer (OF), chemical fertilizer (CF), and unfertilized control (CK) treatments was arranged to analyze the temporal changes in the bacterial and archaeal communities at bimonthly intervals based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiling. The abundances of total bacteria, total archaea, and selected functional genes (bacterial and archaeal amoA, bacterial narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results indicate that the structures of bacterial and archaeal communities varied significantly with time and fertilization based on changes in the relative abundance of dominant T-RFs. The abundancy of the detected genes changed with time. The total bacteria, total archaea, and archaeal amoA were less abundant in July. The bacterial amoA and denitrifying genes were less abundant in September, except the nirK gene. The OF treatment increased the abundance of the observed genes, while the CF treatment had little influence on them. The soil temperature significantly affected the bacterial and archaeal community structures. The soil moisture was significantly correlated with the abundance of denitrifying genes. Of the soil chemical properties, soil organic carbon was the most important factor and was significantly correlated with the abundance of the detected genes, except the nirK gene. Overall, this study demonstrated the effects of both temporal alteration and organic fertilizer on the structures of microbial communities and the abundance of genes involved in the nitrogen cycle.

不同肥料处理下茶园土壤细菌和古菌群落的时间变化研究

研究化学肥料和有机肥处理条件下，茶园酸性土壤细菌和古菌群落结构，以及氮素转化相关功能酶基因丰度的时间变化规律。 研究肥料、土壤温度及土壤含水量对茶园酸性土壤细菌和古菌群落结构，以及氮素转化相关功能酶基因丰度的影响。 应用末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）技术分析茶园酸性土壤中细菌和古菌群落结构随时间的变化规律，应用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术，研究茶园酸性土壤细菌、古菌、硝化作用功能酶基因（细菌和古菌基因）和细菌反硝化作用功能酶基因（、、和基因）丰度的时间变化规律。 茶园土壤细菌和古菌群落结构受到肥料的影响，并随着取样时间有显著的变化。细菌、古菌和古菌的基因的丰度在7月份最小，而细菌的基因和反硝化作用功能酶基因（除基因）的丰度在9月份最小。有机肥处理增加了细菌、古菌和氮素转化相关功能酶基因的丰度，但化学肥料的施用对菌群及功能酶基因丰度的影响较小。土壤温度显著影响了土壤细菌和古菌的群落结构。土壤含水量与细菌反硝化作用功能酶基因有显著的相关性。土壤有机碳含量与细菌、古菌及功能酶基因丰度之间有显著的相关性。
茶园；时间变化；肥料；细菌和古菌群落；氮素转化相关功能酶基因

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