JZUS - Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 2022 Vol.23 No.11 P.899-914

http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2200054

Clinical and immune response characteristics among vaccinated persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a retrospective study

Author(s): Cunjin WANG, Yong LI, Yuchen PAN, Luojing ZHOU, Xi ZHANG, Yan WEI, Fang GUO, Yusheng SHU, Ju GAO
Affiliation(s): Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People�s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China; more
Corresponding email(s): shuyusheng65@163.com, gaoju_003@163.com
Key Words: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Delta variant, Vaccine, Hospitalization, Immune response

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Abstract: ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the clinical and immune response characteristics of vaccinated persons infected with the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Yangzhou, China.
MethodsWe extracted the medical data of 129 patients with delta-variant infection who were admitted to Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital (Yangzhou, China) between August and September, 2021. The patients were grouped according to the number of vaccine doses received into an unvaccinated group: a one-dose group and a two-dose group. The vaccine used was SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine developed by Sinovac. We retrospectively analyzed the patients’ epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data.
ResultsAlmost all patients with delta-variant infection in Yangzhou were elderly, and patients with severe/critical illness were over 70 years of age. The rates of severe/critical illness (P=0.006), fever (P=0.025), and dyspnea (P=0.045) were lower in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group. Compared to the unvaccinated group, the two-dose group showed significantly higher lymphocyte counts and significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer during hospitalization and a significantly higher positive rate of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies at admission (all P<0.05). The cumulative probabilities of hospital discharge and negative virus conversion were also higher in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05).
ConclusionsTwo doses of the SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine were highly effective at limiting symptomatic disease and reducing immune response, while a single dose did not seem to be effective.

新冠疫苗对SARS-CoV-2 Delta感染者临床症状和免疫应答反应的影响:一项回顾性研究

王存金^1,2，李勇^1,2，潘昱辰³，周罗晶²，张曦^2,4，魏艳^1,2，郭芳^1,2，束余声^2,5，高巨^1,2
¹苏北人民医院麻醉科，中国扬州市，225001
²扬州大学临床医学院，中国扬州市，225001
³中国人民武装警察部队江苏省总队医院神经内科，中国扬州市，225000
⁴苏北人民医院中医科，中国扬州市，225001
⁵苏北人民医院心胸外科，中国扬州市，225001
目的：观察扬州地区疫苗接种对德尔塔（Delta）变异型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染者临床和免疫应答特征的影响。
方法：提取2021年8-9月苏北人民医院收治的129例Delta变异株感染患者的病例资料。根据接种疫苗的剂量将患者分为未接种组、一针组和两针组。所用疫苗为北京科兴公司研制的SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗。我们回顾性分析了患者的流行病学、临床、实验室和影像学资料。
结果：扬州地区Delta变异感染患者多数为老年人，重症/危重患者年龄均在70岁以上。两针组重症/危重症（P=0.006）患者人数、发热（P=0.025）和呼吸困难（P=0.045）发生率均低于未接种组。与未接种组相比，两针组住院期间淋巴细胞计数显著升高，C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和D-二聚体水平显著降低，入院时免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体阳性率显著升高（P<0.05）。两针组的累计出院概率和病毒转阴概率也高于未接种组（P<0.05）。
结论：接种两针SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗在减轻新冠肺炎患者症状和降低免疫应答方面效果显著，接种一针疫苗效果不明显。

关键词：冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）；德尔塔（Delta）变异株；疫苗；住院；免疫反应

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