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Abstract: Investigation of the characteristics of soil microorganism ecosystem under irrigated rice cropping with different fertilization treatments showed that balanced application of N, P and K promoted microbial biomass and community composition, while unbalanced fertilization reduced microbial N and increased C/N ratio of the microbial biomass and that the fertilizer practice had impact on the community structure of specific microbial groups and the microbe diversity in soils. This research focused on soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community structure in a long-term fertilization experiment on rice based on nutrient balance concepts.

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