CLC number: X522
On-line Access:
Received: 2008-03-24
Revision Accepted: 2008-07-01
Crosschecked: 2008-10-29
Cited: 6
Clicked: 6577
Zhi-wei ZHAO, Fu-yi CUI. Multivariate statistical analysis for the surface water quality of the Luan River, China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2009, 10(1): 142-148.
@article{title="Multivariate statistical analysis for the surface water quality of the Luan River, China",
author="Zhi-wei ZHAO, Fu-yi CUI",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
volume="10",
number="1",
pages="142-148",
year="2009",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.A0850094"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Multivariate statistical analysis for the surface water quality of the Luan River, China
%A Zhi-wei ZHAO
%A Fu-yi CUI
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
%V 10
%N 1
%P 142-148
%@ 1673-565X
%D 2009
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.A0850094
TY - JOUR
T1 - Multivariate statistical analysis for the surface water quality of the Luan River, China
A1 - Zhi-wei ZHAO
A1 - Fu-yi CUI
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science A
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 142
EP - 148
%@ 1673-565X
Y1 - 2009
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.A0850094
Abstract: In order to analyze the characteristics of surface water resource quality for the reconstruction of old water treatment plant, multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis and factor analysis were applied to the data of Yuqiao Reservoir— surface water resource of the Luan River, China. The results of cluster analysis demonstrate that the months of one year were divided into 3 groups and the characteristic of clusters was agreed with the seasonal characteristics in North China. Three factors were derived from the complicated set using factor analysis. Factor 1 included turbidity and chlorophyll, which seemed to be related to the anthropogenic activities; factor 2 included alkaline and hardness, which were related to the natural characteristic of surface water; and factor 3 included Cl and NO2-N affected by mineral and agricultural activities. The sinusoidal shape of the score plots of the three factors shows that the temporal variations caused by natural and human factors are linked to seasonality.
[1] Adams, M.J., 1998. The Principles of Multivariate Data Analysis. In: Ashurst, P.R., Dennis, M.J. (Eds.), Analytical Methods of Food Authentication. Blackie Academic & Professional, London, UK, p.350.
[2] Anazawa, K., Ohmori, H., 2005. The hydrochemistry of surface waters in Andesitic Volcanic area, Norikura Volcano, central Japan. Chemosphere, 59(5):605-615.
[3] Anazawa, K., Ohmori, H., Tomiyasu, T., Sakamoto, H., 2003. Hydrochemistry at a volcanic summit area, Norikura, central Japan. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(18S):17.
[4] Astel, A., Tsakovski, S., Barbieri, P., Simeonov, V., 2007. Comparison of self-organizing maps classification approach with cluster and principal components analysis for large environmental data sets. Water Research, 41(19):4566-4578.
[5] Astel, A., Tsakovski, S., Simeonov, V., Reisenhofer, E., Piselli, S., Barbieri, P., 2008. Multivariate classification and modeling in surface water pollution estimation. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 390(5):1283-1292.
[6] Bengraine, K., Marhaba, T.F., 2003. Using principal component analysis to monitor spatial and temporal changes in water quality. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 100(1-3):179-195.
[7] Carpenter, S.R., Caraco, N.F., Correll, D.L., Howarth, R.W., Sharpley, A.N., Smith, V.H., 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications, 8(3):559-568.
[8] Chapman, D., 1992. Water Quality Assessment—A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring (2nd Ed.). Chapman on Behalf of UNESCO, WHO and UNEP. Chapman & Hall, London, p.585.
[9] Chiacchio, U., Librando, V., Magazzu, G., 1997. Monitoring studies of Augusta Bay marine waters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 44(1/3):383-390.
[10] Gűler, C., Thyne, G.D., 2004. Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling surface and groundwater chemistry in Indian wells—Owens Valley area, southeastern California, USA. Journal of Hydrology, 285(1-4):177-198.
[11] Helena, B., Pardo, R., Vega, M., Barrado, E., Fernández, J.M., Fernández, L., 2000. Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer (Pisuerga River, Spain) by principal component analysis. Water Research, 34(3):807-816.
[12] Jarvie, H.P., Whitton, B.A., Neal, C., 1998. Nitrogen and phosphorus in east coast British rivers: speciation, sources and biological significance. Science of the Total Environment, 210-211:79-109.
[13] Johnson, R.A., Wichern, D.W., 1992. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis (3rd Ed.). Prentice-Hall International, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA, p.642.
[14] Kucuksezgin, F., 1996. Multivariate analysis of water quality parameters in Izmir Bay, Eastern Aegean. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 55:135-144.
[15] Laaksoharju, M., Gurban, I., Skarman, C., Skarman, E., 1999. Multivariate mixing and mass balance (M3) calculations, a new tool for decoding hydrogeochemical information. Applied Geochemistry, 14(7):861-871.
[16] Liu, C.W., Lin, K.H., Kuo, Y.M., 2003. Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. The Science of the Total Environment, 313(1-3):77-89.
[17] Morales, M.M., Marti, P., Liopis, A., Campos, L., Sagrado, S., 1999. An environmental study by factor analysis of surface sea waters in the gulf of Valencia (Western Mediterranean). Analytica Chimica Acta, 394(1):109-117.
[18] Reisenhofera, E., Adamia, G., Barbieria, P., 1998. Using chemical and physical parameters to define the quality of karstic freshwaters (Timavo River, North-Eastern Italy): A chemometric approach. Water Research, 32(4):1193-1203.
[19] Shrestha, S., Kazama, F., 2007. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji River Basin, Japan. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(4):464-475.
[20] Simeonov, V., Stratis, J.A., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., Anthemidis, A., Sofoniou, M., Kouimtzis, T., 2003. Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research, 37(17):4119-4124.
[21] Simeonova, P., Simeonov, V., 2006. Chemometrics to evaluate the quality of water sources for human consumption. Microchimica Acta, 156(3-4):315-320.
[22] Simeonova, P., Simeonov, V., Andreev, G., 2003. Water quality study of the Struma River Basin, Bulgaria. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 2:121-136.
[23] Singh, K.P., Malik, A., Mohan, D., Sinha, S., 2004. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India): a case study. Water Research, 38(18):3980-3992.
[24] Singh, K.P., Malik, A., Sinha, S., 2005. Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of Gomti River (India) using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study. Analytica Chimica Acta, 538(1-2):355-374.
[25] Unmesh, C.P., Sanjay, K.S., Prasant, R., Binod, B.N., Dinabandhu, B., 2006. Application of factor and cluster analysis for characterization of river and estuarine water systems—A case study: Mahanadi River (India). Journal of Hydrology, 331(3-4):434-445.
[26] Vega, M., Pardo, R., Barrado, E., Deban, L., 1998. Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water byex ploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32(12):3581-3592.
[27] Zhang, L., Chen, C.J., Chen, Y.Y., 2007. Sanitary standard for drinking water of China. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 23(11):1281-1282 (in Chinese).
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>