Similar articles

Abstract: N₂ and N₃ are known as the transition points of the three principal stages of fatigue: initial accommodation, accretion of damage and terminal fatigue. Many experiments show that the ratios of N₂/N_f and N₃/N_f tend to be stable even though the specific N₂ and N₃ values may fluctuate widely. The primary goal of this research is to study the piezomagnetic field surrounding AISI 1018 steel specimen under repeated loads and to find the ratio values of N₂/N_f and N₃/N_f by analyzing 11 sets of low-cycle fatigue data. An MTS-810 testing system with a peak capacity of 222 kN was used to obtain the data which consisted of stress, strain, and piezomagnetic field. A computer program was constructed to track the evolution of the piezomagnetic field and regression analysis was carried out to determine N₂ and N₃ values. It was observed that there exists a consistent relationship between N₂ and N_f. The apparent invariance of the ratio N₂/N_f implies that N₂ may be identified as an index of performance in the early loading response of a specimen that forecasts its fatigue life, N_f. It has been demonstrated that measurements of the magnetic and mechanical hysteresis can yield significant insights into the various stages of the development of a fatigue critical microstructure which culminates in complete rupture of the material.

[1]Agar, B.B., 1998. Hysteresis and Low Cycle Fatigue in Selected Aluminum Alloys. MS Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.

[2]American Society for Metals (II-1986), 1986. Metals Handbook. Carnes Publication Services Inc.

[3]Bannantine, J.A., Comer, J.J., Handrock, J.L., 1990. Fundamentals of Metal Fatigue Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

[4]Bao, S., 2004. Two-parameter Characterization of Low Cycle, Hysteretic Fatigue Data. MS Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.

[5]Bao, S., 2007. Fatigue, Mechanical and Magnetic Hysteresis. PhD Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.

[6]Bao, S., Jin, W.L., Guralnick, S.A., Erber, T., 2010. Two-parameter Characterization of Low Cycle, Hysteretic Fatigue Data. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics and Engineering), 11(6):449-454.

[7]Becker, R., Doring, W., 1939. Ferromagnetismus. Springer, Berlin.

[8]Berktan, T., 1998. Piezomagnetism and Fatigue. MS Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.

[9]Bily, M., 1993. Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue of Metals. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

[10]Bozorth, R.M., 1951. Ferromagnetism. van Nostrand Co., Princeton, NJ.

[11]Cullity, B.D., 1972. Introduction to Magnetic Materials. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., MA.

[12]Desai, R.D., 1994. Origin and Inception of Fatigue Damage in Steel. MS Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.

[13]Erber, T., 2001. Hooke’s law and fatigue limits in micromechanics. European Journal of Physics, 22(5):491-499.

[14]Erber, T., Guralnick, S.A., Michels, S.C., 1993. Hysteresis and fatigue. Annals of Physics, 224(2):157-192.

[15]Erber, T., Guralnick, S.A., Desai, R.D., Kwok, W., 1997. Piezomagnetism and fatigue. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 30(20):2818-2836.

[16]Giancane, S., Panella, F.W., Dattoma, V., 2010. Characterization of fatigue damage in long fiber epoxy composite laminates. International Journal of Fatigue, 32(1):46-53.

[17]Guralnick, S.A., Bao, S., Erber, T., 2008. Piezomagnetism and fatigue: II. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 41(11):115006.

[18]Kachanov, L.M., 1986. Introduction to Continuum Damage Mechanics. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

[19]Lemaitre, J., Chaboche, J.L., 1990. Mechanics of Solid Materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

[20]Michels, S., 1991. Hysteresis and Fatigue. MS Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.

[21]Smaga, M., Walther, F., Eifler, D., 2008. Deformation-induced martensitic transformation in metastable austenitic steels. Materials Science and Engineering A, 483-484:394-397.

[22]Villari, E., 1865. Change of magnetization by tension and by electric current. Annual Physics Chemistry, 126:87-122.

[23]Walther, F., Eifler, D., 2007. Cyclic deformation behavior of steels and light-metal alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A, 468-470:259-266.