JZUS - Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE

ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering

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Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints

Author(s): Zhongpeng NI¹, Heng ZHANG¹, Jing XIA¹, Wence ZHANG¹, Wa KONG¹, Chao YU², Xiao-Wei ZHU²
Affiliation(s): ¹School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China ²School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
Corresponding email(s): Jing XIA, jingxia@ujs.edu.cn
Key Words: Current-biased reverse load-modulation; Load-modulation; High-efficiency; Power amplifier; Optimization

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Zhongpeng NI¹, Heng ZHANG¹, Jing XIA¹, Wence ZHANG¹, Wa KONG¹, Chao YU², Xiao-Wei ZHU². Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science ,in press.Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110

@article{title="Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints",
author="Zhongpeng NI¹, Heng ZHANG¹, Jing XIA¹, Wence ZHANG¹, Wa KONG¹, Chao YU², Xiao-Wei ZHU²",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science ",
year="in press",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110"
}

%0 Journal Article
%T Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints
%A Zhongpeng NI¹
%A Heng ZHANG¹
%A Jing XIA¹
%A Wence ZHANG¹
%A Wa KONG¹
%A Chao YU²
%A Xiao-Wei ZHU²
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE
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%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110"

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T1 - Design and optimization of a high-efficiency current-biased reverse load modulated power amplifier with impedance and performance constraints
A1 - Zhongpeng NI¹
A1 - Heng ZHANG¹
A1 - Jing XIA¹
A1 - Wence ZHANG¹
A1 - Wa KONG¹
A1 - Chao YU²
A1 - Xiao-Wei ZHU²
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science
SP -
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%@ 2095-9184
Y1 - in press
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0110"

Abstract
Chinese Summary
Academic Network
Reviewer Comment

Abstract: This paper proposes an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers (CB-RLM PAs). First, given the reverse load-modulation characteristics of CB-RLM PAs, a comprehensive objective function is proposed that combines multi-state impedance trajectory constraints with in-band performance deviations. For the saturation and 6 dB power back-off (PBO) states, approximately optimal impedance regions on the Smith chart are derived using impedance constraint circles based on load-pull simulations. These regions are used together with in-band performance deviations (e.g., saturated efficiency, 6 dB PBO efficiency, and saturated output power) for matching network optimization and design. Second, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with adaptive weights, neighborhood, and global replacement is integrated with harmonic balance simulations to optimize design parameters and evaluate performance. Finally, to validate the proposed method, a broadband CB-RLM PA operating from 0.6-1.8 GHz was designed and fabricated. Measured results show that the efficiencies at saturation, 6 dB PBO, and 8 dB PBO all exceed 43.6%, with saturated output power maintained at 40.9-41.5 dBm, which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed broadband high-efficiency CB-RLM PA optimization and design approach.

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