JZUS - Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE

ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering

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Key technologies of vertical take-off and landing infrastructure for urban air mobility: a comprehensive review

Author(s): Chenglong LI^1, ⁶, Runming WANG², Zhaoxuan ZHANG², Yuan ZHENG³, Yang WANG⁴, Rui YANG^5, ⁶
Affiliation(s): ¹Flight Technology College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Chengdu 641419, China ²College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Chengdu 641419, China ³School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Chengdu 641419, China ⁴Institute of Computing Innovation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China ⁵Discipline Construction Office, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Chengdu 641419, China ⁶Low-Altitude Operations Flight Technology Research Center, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Chengdu 641419, China
Corresponding email(s): Chenglong LI, lcl@cafuc.edu.cn
Key Words: Urban air mobility (UAM); Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) infrastructures; Low-altitude operations; Communication, navigation, surveillance and information (CNSI)

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Chenglong LI^1,⁶, Runming WANG², Zhaoxuan ZHANG², Yuan ZHENG³, Yang WANG⁴, Rui YANG^5,⁶. Key technologies of vertical take-off and landing infrastructure for urban air mobility: a comprehensive review[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science ,in press.Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0173

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author="Chenglong LI^1,⁶, Runming WANG², Zhaoxuan ZHANG², Yuan ZHENG³, Yang WANG⁴, Rui YANG^5,⁶",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science ",
year="in press",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2025.0173"
}

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Abstract
Chinese Summary
Academic Network
Reviewer Comment

Abstract: As the frontier of multidimensional transportation systems, urban air mobility (UAM) is receiving increasing attention from international organizations, governments, and stakeholders in industry and academia owing to its high efficiency, low carbon footprint, and operational flexibility.Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) infrastructure is the core facility that enables UAM and is therefore essential for its safe, efficient, and large-scale commercial implementation. However, the key technologies for establishing low-altitude VTOL infrastructure are still nascent, and government, industry,and academia have yet to harmonize the corresponding construction, management, and operation standards. To address this gap, we herein systematically review the related progress and trends, comprehensively surveying the key technologies of establishing VTOL infrastructure serving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electric VTOL aircraft from three complementary perspectives of ground-side, airspace-side, and communication, navigation, and surveillance information services. In the light of future UAM operations characterized by diverse vehicle types and dense air traffic, we propose a conceptual design for a public multioperator VTOL site to provide constructive insights into the sustainable growth of the low-altitude economy.

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