Abstract: Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) with clockwise elliptical vibration has made notable achievements in precision ma-chining; however, its critical cutting speed limits its application to low-speed machining tasks. Meanwhile, rotary ultrasonic elliptical machining (RUEM) with clockwise elliptical vibration has been validated as an effective high-speed cutting technology. Unfortunately, conventional RUEM leads to increased surface roughness. To address this issue and enhance machining quality, we propose a novel RUEM method employing an anticlockwise vibration direction, called ARUEM. The mechanisms of surface formation and subsurface strengthening for ARUEM are analyzed. Experimental validations were performed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy, revealing that ARUEM achieved substantially lower ridge heights and up to a 50% reduction in surface roughness compared to conventional RUEM. Additionally, relative to conventional milling, ARUEM resulted in up to 122.6% thicker plastic deformation layers, 53.4% higher surface compressive residual stress, and 19.3% greater surface micro-hardness. This study showcases a promising method for high-performance milling of Ti-6A1-4V, offers new insights into RUEM by examining the influence of vibration direction, and enhances understanding of surface formation and subsurface strengthening in the ARUEM method.
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