Abstract: ObjectiveTo coat a zirconia surface with silica-zirconia using a dip-coating technique and evaluate its effect on resin-zirconia shear bond strength (SBS).
MethodsA silica-zirconia suspension was prepared and used to coat a zirconia surface using a dip-coating technique. One hundred and eighty-nine zirconia disks were divided into three groups according to their different surface treatments (polishing, sandblasting, and silica-zirconia coating). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the differently treated zirconia surfaces. Different primer treatments (Monobond N, Z-PRIME Plus, and no primer) were also applied to the zirconia surfaces. Subsequently, 180 composite resin cylinders (Filtek Z350) were cemented onto the zirconia disks with resin cement (RelyX Ultimate). The SBS was measured after water storage for 24 h or 6 months. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
ResultsSEM and EDX showed that the silica-zirconia coating produced a porous layer with additional Si, and XRD showed that only tetragonal zirconia was on the silica-zirconia-coating surface. Compared with the control group, the resin-zirconia SBSs of the sandblasting group and silica-zirconia-coating group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The silica-zirconia coating followed by the application of Monobond N produced the highest SBS (P<0.05). Water aging significantly reduced the resin-zirconia SBS (P<0.05).
ConclusionsDip-coating with silica-zirconia might be a feasible way to improve resin-zirconia bonding.

新型硅锆多孔涂层提升氧化锆粘接性能的研究

[1]AboushelibMN, 2012. Fusion sputtering for bonding to zirconia-based materials. J Adhes Dent, 14(4):323-328.

[2]AboushelibMN, RagabH, ArnaotM, 2018. Ultrastructural analysis and long-term evaluation of composite-zirconia bond strength. J Adhes Dent, 20(1):33-39.

[3]AliN, SafwatA, AboushelibM, 2019. The effect of fusion sputtering surface treatment on microshear bond strength of zirconia and MDP-containing resin cement. Dent Mater, 35(6):e107-e112.

[4]AttiaA, 2011. Bond strength of three luting agents to zirconia ceramic—influence of surface treatment and thermocycling. J Appl Oral Sci, 19(4):388-395.

[5]BaigZ, MamatO, MustaphaM, et al., 2018. Investigation of tip sonication effects on structural quality of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for superior solvent dispersion. Ultrason Sonochem, 45:133-149.

[6]BeuerF, AggstallerH, EdelhoffD, et al., 2009. Marginal and internal fits of fixed dental prostheses zirconia retainers. Dent Mater, 25(1):94-102.

[7]BlatzMB, VonderheideM, ConejoJ, 2018. The effect of resin bonding on long-term success of high-strength ceramics. J Dent Res, 97(2):132-139.

[8]ChenC, ChenG, XieHF, et al., 2013. Nanosilica coating for bonding improvements to zirconia. Int J Nanomedicine, 8(1):4053-4062.

[9]ChenCF, KleverlaanCJ, FeilzerAJ, 2012. Effect of an experimental zirconia-silica coating technique on micro tensile bond strength of zirconia in different priming conditions. Dent Mater, 28(8):e127-e134.

[10]ChintapalliRK, MarroFG, Jimenez-PiqueE, et al., 2013. Phase transformation and subsurface damage in 3Y-TZP after sandblasting. Dent Mater, 29(5):566-572.

[11]FengZ, QiJQ, HuangZY, et al., 2017. Optimization of the amount and molecular weight of dispersing agent PEG during the co-precipitation preparation of nano-crystalline C-YSZ powder. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 17(4):2613-2619.

[12]FonsecaRG, de Oliveira Abi-RachedF, dos Santos Nunes Reis JM, et al., 2013. Effect of particle size on the flexural strength and phase transformation of an airborne-particle abraded yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic. J Prosthet Dent, 110(6):510-514.

[13]GansA, DressaireE, ColnetB, et al., 2019. Dip-coating of suspensions. Soft Matter, 15(2):252-261.

[14]GoEJ, ShinY, ParkJW, 2019. Evaluation of the microshear bond strength of MDP-containing and non-MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement on zirconia restoration. Oper Dent, 44(4):379-385.

[15]KarthigeyanS, RavindranAJ, BhatRTR, et al., 2019. Surface modification techniques for zirconia-based bioceramics: a review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 11(S2):S131-S134.

[16]KernM, 2015. Bonding to oxide ceramics—laboratory testing versus clinical outcome. Dent Mater, 31(1):8-14.

[17]KeshvadA, HakimanehSMR, 2018. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to silica-based and Y-TZP ceramics using different surface treatments. J Prosthodont, 27(1):67-74.

[18]KimMJ, KimYK, KimKH, et al., 2011. Shear bond strengths of various luting cements to zirconia ceramic: surface chemical aspects. J Dent, 39(11):795-803.

[19]LimMJ, YuMK, LeeKW, 2018. The effect of continuous application of MDP-containing primer and luting resin cement on bond strength to tribochemical silica-coated Y-TZP. Restor Dent Endod, 43(2):e19.

[20]LimaRBW, BarretoSC, AlfrisanyNM, et al., 2019. Effect of silane and MDP-based primers on physico-chemical properties of zirconia and its bond strength to resin cement. Dent Mater, 35(11):1557-1567.

[21]LungCYK, LiuD, MatinlinnaJP, 2015. Silica coating of zirconia by silicon nitride hydrolysis on adhesion promotion of resin to zirconia. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 46:103-110.

[22]MadaniA, NakhaeiM, KaramiP, et al., 2016. Sol-gel dip coating of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia dental ceramic by aluminosilicate nanocomposite as a novel technique to improve the bonding of veneering porcelain. Int J Nanomedicine, 11:3215-3223.

[23]MahmoodiN, HooshmandT, HeidariS, et al., 2016. Effect of sandblasting, silica coating, and laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of a dental zirconia ceramic to resin cements. Lasers Med Sci, 31(2):205-211.

[24]MoLX, GuoZX, YangL, et al., 2019. Silver nanoparticles based ink with moderate sintering in flexible and printed electronics. Int J Mol Sci, 20(9):2124.

[25]NagaokaN, YoshiharaK, TamadaY, et al., 2019. Ultrastructure and bonding properties of tribochemical silica-coated zirconia. Dent Mater J, 38(1):107-113.

[26]NassarHM, González-CabezasC, 2011. Effect of gap geometry on secondary caries wall lesion development. Caries Res, 45(4):346-352.

[27]NishigawaG, MaruoY, IrieM, et al., 2008. Ultrasonic cleaning of silica-coated zirconia influences bond strength between zirconia and resin luting material. Dent Mater J, 27(6):842-848.

[28]ÖzcanM, BernasconiM, 2015. Adhesion to zirconia used for dental restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent, 17(1):7-26.

[29]ParkC, ParkSW, YunKD, et al., 2018. Effect of plasma treatment and its post process duration on shear bonding strength and antibacterial effect of dental zirconia. Materials (Basel), 11(11):2233.

[30]PharkJH, DuarteS, BlatzM, et al., 2009a. An in vitro evaluation of the long-term resin bond to a new densely sintered high-purity zirconium-oxide ceramic surface. J Prosthet Dent, 101(1):29-38.

[31]PharkJH, DuarteS, KahnH, et al., 2009b. Influence of contamination and cleaning on bond strength to modified zirconia. Dent Mater, 25(12):1541-1550.

[32]QueirozJRC, BenettiP, MassiM, et al., 2012. Effect of multiple firing and silica deposition on the zirconia-porcelain interfacial bond strength. Dent Mater, 28(7):763-768.

[33]Ruales-CarreraE, CesarPF, HenriquesB, et al., 2019. Adhesion behavior of conventional and high-translucent zirconia: effect of surface conditioning methods and aging using an experimental methodology. J Esthet Restor Dent, 31(4):388-397.

[34]SalehNE, GuvenMC, YildirimG, et al., 2019. Effect of different surface treatments and ceramic primers on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia ceramic. Niger J Clin Pract, 22(3):335-341.

[35]SalemR, NaggarGE, AboushelibM, et al., 2016. Microtensile bond strength of resin-bonded hightranslucency zirconia using different surface treatments. J Adhes Dent, 18(3):191-196.

[36]TabatabaianF, 2019. Color aspect of monolithic zirconia restorations: a review of the literature. J Prosthodont, 28(3):276-287.

[37]ThammajarukP, InokoshiM, ChongS, et al., 2018. Bonding of composite cements to zirconia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 80:258-268.

[38]WilleS, LehmannF, KernM, 2017. Durability of resin bonding to lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramic using a self-etching primer. J Adhes Dent, 19(6):491-496.

[39]XieHF, TayFR, ZhangFM, et al., 2015. Coupling of 10-methacryloyloxydecyldihydrogenphosphate to tetragonal zirconia: effect of pH reaction conditions on coordinate bonding. Dent Mater, 31(10):e218-e225.

[40]XuL, LiangHW, YangY, et al., 2018. Stability and reactivity: positive and negative aspects for nanoparticle processing. Chem Rev, 118(7):3209-3250.

[41]ZhaoP, YuP, XiongYH, et al., 2020. Does the bond strength of highly translucent zirconia show a different dependence on the airborne-particle abrasion parameters in comparison to conventional zirconia? J Prosthodont Res, 64(1):60-70.