Journal of Zhejiang University

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B

Accepted manuscript available online (unedited version)

Cognitive function among COVID-19 survivors in subacute phase during epidemic of Omicron variant in China

Author(s): Xue LUO^1, ^2, Shufei ZENG^1, ^2, Shuai LIU^1, ^2*, Yuanhui LI³, Leqin FANG^1, ², Dai LI³, Qianqian XIN^1, ², Shixu DU^1, ², Yan XU^1, ², Bin ZHANG^1, ²
Affiliation(s): ¹Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China ²Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong 510515 China ³Adai Technology (Beijing) Company Limited, Beijing 100123, China
Corresponding email(s): Bin ZHANG, email: zhang73bin@hotmail.com
Key Words: Cognitive function; COVID-19; Risk factors; Omicron variant; Subacute phase

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Xue LUO^1,^2*, Shufei ZENG^1,^2*, Shuai LIU^1,^2*, Yuanhui LI³, Leqin FANG^1,², Dai LI³, Qianqian XIN^1,², Shixu DU^1,², Yan XU^1,², Bin ZHANG^1,². Cognitive function among COVID-19 survivors in subacute phase during epidemic of Omicron variant in China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,in press.Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2500553

@article{title="Cognitive function among COVID-19 survivors in subacute phase during epidemic of Omicron variant in China",
author="Xue LUO^1,^2*, Shufei ZENG^1,^2*, Shuai LIU^1,^2*, Yuanhui LI³, Leqin FANG^1,², Dai LI³, Qianqian XIN^1,², Shixu DU^1,², Yan XU^1,², Bin ZHANG^1,²",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science B",
year="in press",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2500553"
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%A Shuai LIU^1
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%A Yan XU^1
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%A Bin ZHANG^1
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Abstract
Chinese Summary
Academic Network
Reviewer Comment

Abstract: Following the relaxation of pandemic control measures in China, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on cognitive function in the Chinese population has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cognitive function and identify its risk factors in the subacute phase (<3 months) of COVID-19 patients during the epidemic wave of the Omicron variant. In this nationwide smartphone-based online assessment from January 15 to 29, 2023, the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA) and the Number Ordering Test (NOT) were used to assess cognitive function. Among the 9,663 participants, 8,905 (92.2%) were COVID-19 survivors. These patients performed poorly in most neuropsychological results (p<0.05), but only the ICA accuracies were lower, controlling for socio-demographics (p<0.05, partial η2≰0.001). After the initial recovery, 5,832 (65.5%) COVID-19 survivors reported inflexible thinking, 5,419 (60.9%) noted slowed information processing speed, and 4,344 (48.8%) reported insomnia. Being a female, older age, low education level, living in Northwest China, and insomnia were significantly associated with poor performance in the key neuropsychological results (range, absolute value of β 0.023-0.430, p<0.05). In the subacute phase of COVID-19, subjective cognitive complaints were highly prevalent, whereas objective cognitive differences were subtle. Despite the mild overall impact, vulnerable subgroups-such as females, older adults, low education level and patients with insomnia-showed greater susceptibility to these cognitive changes.

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On-line Access: 2026-05-07

Received: 2025-10-23

Revision Accepted: 2026-01-14

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Cited: 0

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Citations: Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

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