Full Text:   <6111>

CLC number: TU4

On-line Access: 2024-08-27

Received: 2023-10-17

Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08

Crosschecked: 2013-08-11

Cited: 6

Clicked: 9817

Citations:  Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

-   Go to

Article info.
Open peer comments

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2013 Vol.14 No.10 P.739-750

http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1300032


Monotonic triaxial experiments to evaluate steady-state and liquefaction susceptibility of Babolsar sand*


Author(s):  Yaser Jafarian1, Ali Ghorbani2, Siavash Salamatpoor3, Sina Salamatpoor3

Affiliation(s):  1. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran; more

Corresponding email(s):   yjafarianm@iiees.ac.ir

Key Words:  Triaxial test, Sand, Steady-state, Liquefaction susceptibility


Yaser Jafarian, Ali Ghorbani, Siavash Salamatpoor, Sina Salamatpoor. Monotonic triaxial experiments to evaluate steady-state and liquefaction susceptibility of Babolsar sand[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2013, 14(10): 739-750.

@article{title="Monotonic triaxial experiments to evaluate steady-state and liquefaction susceptibility of Babolsar sand",
author="Yaser Jafarian, Ali Ghorbani, Siavash Salamatpoor, Sina Salamatpoor",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
volume="14",
number="10",
pages="739-750",
year="2013",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.A1300032"
}

%0 Journal Article
%T Monotonic triaxial experiments to evaluate steady-state and liquefaction susceptibility of Babolsar sand
%A Yaser Jafarian
%A Ali Ghorbani
%A Siavash Salamatpoor
%A Sina Salamatpoor
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
%V 14
%N 10
%P 739-750
%@ 1673-565X
%D 2013
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.A1300032

TY - JOUR
T1 - Monotonic triaxial experiments to evaluate steady-state and liquefaction susceptibility of Babolsar sand
A1 - Yaser Jafarian
A1 - Ali Ghorbani
A1 - Siavash Salamatpoor
A1 - Sina Salamatpoor
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science A
VL - 14
IS - 10
SP - 739
EP - 750
%@ 1673-565X
Y1 - 2013
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.A1300032


Abstract: 
In this study, drained and undrained triaxial tests under isotropic and anisotropic consolidations were conducted on reconstituted samples of Babolsar sand, which underlies a densely populated, seismic region of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, Mazandaran, Iran. It was demonstrated that the sand experienced all possible states of liquefiable soil: flow failure, limited flow, and dilation. The steady-state and flow liquefaction lines of this sand were presented and compared with previously tested sands. It is shown that the initial stress anisotropy can affect the potential of volume change and pore pressure generation. The steady-state line (SSL), however, remains identical for the isotropically and anisotropically consolidated specimens under drained and undrained conditions. The tests data were then analyzed in order to investigate the liquefaction susceptibility of this sand in terms of parameters such as the state parameter, relative state parameter index, and lateral earth pressure ratio at failure.

Darkslateblue:Affiliate; Royal Blue:Author; Turquoise:Article

References

[1] Baki, M.A.L., Rahman, M.M., Lo, S.R., 2012. Linkage between static and cyclic liquefaction of loose sand with a range of fines contents. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(8):891-906. 

[2] Basudhar, P.K., 2008. Steady state strength behavior of Yamuna sand. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 26(3):237-250. 


[3] Been, K., Jefferies, M.G., 1985. A state parameter for sands. Geotechnique, 35(2):99-112. 


[4] Bishop, A.W., Green, G.E., 1965. The influence of end restraint on the compression strength of a cohesionless soil. Geotechnique, 15(3):243-266. 


[5] Bobei, D.C., Wanatowski, D., 2009. Modified state parameter for characterizing static liquefaction of sand with fines. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46(3):281-295. 


[6] Bolton, M.D., 1986. The strength and dilatancy of sands. Geotechnique, 36(1):65-78. 


[7] Casagrande, A., 1975. Liquefaction and Cyclic Deformation of Sands, A Critical Review. Proceedings 5th Pan American Conference Soil Mechanic, Foundation Engineering, Buenos Aires, 5:80-133. 

[8] Castro, G., 1969.  Liquefaction of Sand. PhD Thesis, Division of Engineering and Applied Physics,Harvard University :

[9] Castro, G., Poulos, S.J., 1977. Factors affecting liquefaction and cyclic mobility. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 103(GT6):501-516. 

[10] Chu, J., Leong, W.K., 2002. Effect of fines on instability behaviour of loose sand. Geotechnique, 52(10):751-755. 

[11] Chu, J., Leong, W.K., Loke, W.L., Wanatowski, D., 2012. Instability of loose sand under drained conditions. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138(2):207-216. 

[12] Datta, A., 2005.  Steady State Strength Behavior of Ganga Sand. MS Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,India :

[13] Della, N., Arab, A., Belkhatir, M., 2011. Static liquefaction of sandy soil: an experimental investigation into the effects of saturation and initial state. Acta Mechanica, 218:175-186. 


[14] Hanzawa, H., Itoh, Y., Suzuki, K., 1979. Shear characteristics of a quick sand in the Persian Gulf. Soils and Foundations, 19(2):1-15. 


[15] Jafarian, Y., Sadeghi, A., Vakili, R., Baziar, M.H., 2010. Probabilistic correlation between laboratory and field liquefaction potentials using relative state parameter index (ξ R). Soil Dynamic Earthquake Engineering, 30(10):1061-1072. 


[16] Jafarian, Y., Ghorbani, A., Salamatpoor, S., 2012. Experimental Study on Shear Resistance of Babolsar Sand under Anisotropic Consolidation. , 3rd International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Cyprus, :

[17] Konrad, J.M., 1988. Interpretation of flat plate dilatometer tests in sands in terms of the state parameter. Geotechnique, 38(2):263-277. 


[18] Kramer, S.L., Seed, H.B., 1988. Initiation of soil liquefaction under static loading conditions. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 114(4):412-430. 


[19] Parry, R.H.G., 1958. Discussion. Geotechnique, 8:183-186. 

[20] Poulos, S.J., 1981. The steady state of deformation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 107(GT5):553-562. 

[21] Rahman, M.M., Lo, S.R., 2012. Predicting the onset of static liquefaction of loose sand with fines. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138(8):1037-1041. 


[22] Rahman, M.M., Lo, S.R., Baki, M.A.L., 2011. Prediction of Undrained Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of Sandy Soils Based on Equivalent Granular State Parameter, Melbourne, Australia 2:839-844. 

[23] Rowe, P.W., Barden, L., 1964. The importance of free ends in triaxial testing. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 90(l):l-27. 

[24] Sivathayalan, S., Vaid, Y.P., 2002. Influence of generalized initial state and principal stress rotation on the undrained response of sands. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39(1):63-76. 


[25] Vaid, Y.P., Chern, J.C.L., 1985. Cyclic and Monotonic Undrained Response of Saturated Sands.  Advances in the Art of Testing Soils under Cyclic Conditions. ASCE,New York :120-147. 

[26] Yang, J., 2002. Non-uniqueness of flow liquefaction line for loose sand. Gotechnique, 52(10):757-760. 


[27] Yang, J., Sze, H.Y., 2011. Cyclic behaviour and resistance of saturated sand under non-symmetrical loading conditions. Geotechnique, 61(1):59-73. 

[28] Yoshimine, M., Ishihara, K., 1998. Flow potential of sand during liquefaction. Soils and Foundations, 38(3):187-196. 



Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion

<1>

Please provide your name, email address and a comment





Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
Tel: +86-571-87952783; E-mail: cjzhang@zju.edu.cn
Copyright © 2000 - 2024 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE