Similar articles

Abstract: The seismic protection of objects contained within museums is a topic of great interest, especially with reference to how they are displayed or stored. This problem is the same as that of a large class of non-structural components, such as mechanical and electrical hospital and laboratory equipment that could lose their functionality because of earthquakes. statues and ceramics simply supported on the floor represent a significant set of case. In some cases, like the Bronzes of Riace, isolation systems have been developed. However, in general museum exhibits are not equipped with devices capable of mitigating the oscillations induced by possible earthquakes. The case study of a marble statue placed on a freestanding squat rigid pedestal is examined. The system of algebraic differential equations governing the problem has been derived and included in an ad-hoc numerical procedure. It is shown that the insertion of a squat rigid body with low frictional resistance at the lower interface with the floor, and high frictional resistance at the upper interface with the artifact significantly reduces the amplitude of the rocking response. As a result the artifact rocks without sliding on the rigid base that slides without rocking with respect to the floor. The numerical analysis performed can be a tool to help in the choice of the optimal friction values in the surfaces of the flat block, designed as a simple isolation system.

This is an interesting paper presenting a simple, yet effective base isolation system to be employed for the protection of museum artefacts from rocking-induced damage. The work is both original and timely, and the discussions are well written based on interesting numerical studies.

水平支座上独立式刚性块的摆动模型

[1]Agbabian MS, Ginell WS, Masri FS, et al., 1991. Evaluation of earthquake damage mitigation methods for museum objects. Studies in Conservation, 36(2):111-120.

[2]Aslam M, Scalise DT, Godden WG, 1980. Earthquake rocking response on rigid bodies. Journal of Structural Division, 106(2):377-392.

[3]Augusti G, Sinopoli A, 1992. Modelling the dynamics of large block structures. Meccanica, 27(3):195-211.

[4]Cennamo C, Gesualdo A, Monaco M, 2017. Shear plastic constitutive behaviour for near-fault ground motion. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 143(9):04017086.

[5]Chierchiello G, Gesualdo A, Iannuzzo A, et al., 2015. Structural modeling and conservation of single columns in archaeological areas. Proceedings of the XIV International Forum ‘Le vie dei mercanti’, p.2012-2020.

[6]Conte E, Dente G, 1989. An analytical solution for Newmark’s sliding block. Soils & Foundations, 29(3):152-156.

[7]de Canio G, 2012. Marble devices for the base isolation of the two Bronzes of Riace: a proposal for the David of Michelangelo. Proceedings of the XV World Conference on Earthquake Engineering-WCEE, p.24-28.

[8]de Jong MJ, Dimitrakopoulos EG, 2014. Dynamically equivalent rocking structures. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 43(10):1543-1564.

[9]Di Egidio A, Contento A, 2009. Base isolation of slide-rocking non-symmetric rigid blocks under impulsive and seismic excitations. Engineering Structures, 31(11):2723-2734.

[10]Erdik M, Durukal E, Ertürk N, et al., 2010. Earthquake risk mitigation in Istanbul museums. Natural Hazards, 53(1):97-108.

[11]Gesualdo A, Monaco M, 2015. Constitutive behaviour of quasi-brittle materials with anisotropic friction. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 12(4):695-710.

[12]Gesualdo A, Iannuzzo A, Monaco M, et al., 2014. Dynamic analysis of freestanding rigid blocks. Civil-Comp Proceedings.

[13]Gesualdo A, Cennamo C, Fortunato A, et al., 2016a. Equilibrium formulation of masonry helical stairs. Meccanica, 52(8):1963-1974.

[14]Gesualdo A, Iannuzzo A, Guadagnuolo M, et al., 2016b. Numerical analysis of rigid body behaviour. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 847:240-247.

[15]Gesualdo A, Iannuzzo A, Penta F, et al., 2017. Homogenization of a Vierendeel girder with elastic joints into an equivalent polar beam. Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 12(4):485-504.

[16]Guadagnuolo M, Monaco M, 2009. Out of plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls. In: Protection of Historical Buildings. Taylor & Francis Group, New York, USA, p.1177-1180.

[17]Hogan SJ, 1989. On the dynamics of rigid-block motion under harmonic forcing. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 425(1869):441-476.

[18]Housner WG, 1963. The behaviour of inverted pendulum structures during earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 53(2):403-417.

[19]Ishiyama Y, 1982. Motions of rigid bodies and criteria for overturning by earthquake excitations. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 10(5):635-650.

[20]Konstantinidis D, Makris N, 2010. Experimental and analytical studies on the response of a 1/4 scale model of freestanding laboratory equipment subjected to strong earthquake shaking. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8(6):1457-1477.

[21]Kounadis AN, 2015. On the rocking-sliding instability of rigid blocks under ground excitation: some new findings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 75:246-258.

[22]Makris N, Vassiliou MF, 2012. Sizing the slenderness of free-standing rocking columns to withstand earthquake shaking. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 82(10-11):1497-1511.

[23]Monaco M, Guadagnuolo M, Gesualdo A, 2014. The role of friction in the seismic risk mitigation of freestanding art objects. Natural Hazards, 73(2):389-402.

[24]Moreau JJ, Panagiotopoulos PD, 1988. Nonsmooth Mechanics and Applications. Springer, Wien, Austria.

[25]Newmark NM, 1965. Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments. Géotechnique, 15(2):139-160.

[26]Penta F, Rossi C, Savino S, 2014. Mechanical behavior of the imperial carroballista. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 80:142-150.

[27]Prieto F, Lourenço PB, 2005. On the rocking behaviour of rigid objects. Meccanica, 40(2):121-133.

[28]Psycharis IN, 1990. Dynamic behaviour of rocking two-block assemblies. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 19(4):555-575.

[29]Psycharis IN, Papastamatiou DY, Alexandris AP, 2000. Parametric investigation of the stability of classical columns under harmonic and earthquake excitations. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 29(8):1093-1109.

[30]Purvance MD, Abdolrasool A, Brune JN, 2008. Freestanding block overturning fragilities: numerical simulation and experimental validation. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 37(5):791-808.

[31]Shao Y, Tung CC, 1999. Seismic response of unanchored bodies. Earthquake Spectra, 15(3):523-536.

[32]Shenton HW, 1996. Criteria for initiation of slide, rock, and slide-rock rigid-body modes. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 122(7):690-693.

[33]Sinopoli A, 1997. Unilaterality and dry friction: a geometric formulation for two-dimensional rigid body dynamics. Nonlinear Dynamics, 12(4):343-366.

[34]Spanos P, Koh AS, 1984. Rocking of rigid blocks due to harmonic shaking. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 110(11):1627-1642.

[35]Spanos P, Roussis PC, Politis NP, 2001. Dynamic analysis of stacked rigid blocks. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 21(7):559-578.

[36]Voyagaki E, Mylonakis G, Psycharis IN, 2012. Rigid block sliding to idealized acceleration pulses. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 138(9):1071-1083.

[37]Voyagaki E, Psycharis I, Mylonakis G, 2013. Rocking response and overturning criteria for free standing rigid blocks to single-lobe pulses. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 46:85-95.

[38]Voyagaki E, Psycharis I, Mylonakis G, 2014. Complex response of a rocking block to a full-cycle pulse. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 140(6):04014024.

[39]Wolfram S, 2003. The Mathematica Book. Wolfram Media, Inc., Champaign, USA.

[40]Yim SCS, Chopra A, Penzien J, 1980. Rocking response of rigid blocks to earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 8(6):565-580.