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Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C 1998 Vol.-1 No.-1 P.

http://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2500534


SPID: Solving the low-altitude takeoff and landing facility location problem via deep reinforcement learning


Author(s):  Xiaocheng LIU, Meilong LE, Yupu LIU?, Minghua HU

Affiliation(s):  College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing China, 211106

Corresponding email(s):   lxc2307084@nuaa.edu.cn, lemeilong@126.com, liuyupu@nuaa.edu.cn, minghuahu@nuaa.edu.cn

Key Words:  Low-altitude planning, Facility site selection, Deep reinforcement learning, Algorithm exploration


Xiaocheng LIU, Meilong LE, Yupu LIU?, Minghua HU. SPID: Solving the low-altitude takeoff and landing facility location problem via deep reinforcement learning[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 1998, -1(-1): .

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Abstract: 
The siting of low-altitude takeoff and landing platforms is a fundamental challenge for the future development of Urban Air Mobility (UAM). We formulate the problem as a variant of capacitated facility location problem (CFLP) with flight-range and service-capacity constraints, and propose SPID, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based solution framework. The problem is modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). To address dynamic coverage, we design a DRL framework with a multi-head attention mechanism to capture spatiotemporal patterns and integrate dynamic and static information into a unified input state vector. A Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used to generate the query vector, enhancing sequential decision-making. The action network is guided by a loss function combining unmet demand penalties with service-distance costs, enabling end-to-end optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that SPID significantly improves solution efficiency and robustness over traditional methods under flight and capacity constraints. It also outperforms heuristic algorithms in accuracy, with a performance gap of around 6% compared to exact solutions. This work provides an efficient, scalable approach to low-altitude site selection, supporting rapid decision-making in large-scale UAM scenarios.

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