Similar articles

Abstract: The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5+1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0+1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0+150 μmol/L Al; pH 4.0+1.0 μmol/L Cd+150 μmol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accumulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the concentration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake.

[1] Akaya, M., Takenaka, C., 2001. Effects of aluminum stress on photosynthesis of Quercus glauca Thumb. Plant Soil, 237(1):137-146.

[2] Chen, H.M., Zheng, C.R., Wang, S.Q., Tu, C., 2000. Combined pollution and pollution index of heavy metals in red soil. Pedosphere, 10(2):117-124.

[3] Dalla Vecchia, F., La Rocca, N., Moro, I., de Faveri, S., Andreoli, C., Rascio, N., 2005. Morphogenetic, ultrastructural and physiological damages suffered by submerged leaves of Elodea canadensis exposed to cadmium. Plant Sci., 168(2):329-338.

[4] Delhaize, E., Ryan, P.R., 1995. Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants. Plant Physiol., 107(2):315-321.

[5] Fernandes, J.C., Henriques, F.S., 1991. Biochemical, physiological and structural effects of excess copper in plants. Bot. Rev., 57(3):246-273.

[6] Foy, C.D., 1984. Physiological Effects of Hydrogen, Aluminum and Manganese Toxicities in Acid Soil. In: Pearson, R.W., Adams, F. (Eds.), Soil Acidity and Liming. Amer. Soc. Agronomy, Wisconsin, p.57-97.

[7] Foy, C.D., 1988. Plant adaptation to acid, aluminum-toxic soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 19(7-12):959-987.

[8] Foy, C.D., 1992. Soil chemical factors limiting plant root growth. Adv. Soil Sci., 19:97-149.

[9] Grifferty, A., Barrington, S., 2000. Zinc uptake by young wheat plants under two transpiration regimes. J. Environ. Qual., 29(2):443-446.

[10] Guo, T.R., Zhang, G.P., Lu, W.Y., Wu, H.P., Wu, F.B., Chen, J.X., Zhou, M.X., 2003. Effect of Al on dry matter accumulation and Al and nutrients in barleys differing in Al tolerance. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 9(3):324-330 (in Chinese).

[11] Guo, T.R., Zhang, G.P., Zhou, M.X., Wu, F.B., Chen, J.X., 2004. Effect of aluminum and cadmium toxicity on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of two barley genotypes with difference Al tolerance. Plant Soil, 258(1):241-248.

[12] Kahle, H., 1993. Response of roots of trees to heavy metals. Environ. Exp. Bot., 33(1):99-119.

[13] Kidd, P.S., Proctor, J., 2000. Effect of aluminum on the growth and mineral composition of Betula pendula Roth. J. Exp. Bot., 51(347):1057-1066.

[14] Lagriffoul, A., Mocquot, B., Mench, M., Vangronsveld, J., 1998. Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and activities of stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil, 200(2):241-250.

[15] Larbi, A., Morales, F., Abadia, A., Gogorcena, Y., Lucena, J., Abadia, J., 2002. Effects of Cd and Pb in sugar beet plants grown in nutrition solution: induced Fe deficiency and growth inhibition. Funct. Plant Biol., 29(12):1453-1464.

[16] Lidon, F.C., Barreiro, M.G., 2002. An overview into aluminum toxicity in maize. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., 28(3-4):96-112.

[17] Lidon, F.C., Barreiro, M.G., Ramalho, J.C., Lauriano, J.A., 1999. Effects of Al toxicity on nutrient accumulation in maize shoots. Implications on photosynthesis. J. Plant Nutr., 22(2):397-416.

[18] Lidon, F.C., Azinheira, H.G., Barreiro, M.G., 2000. Al toxicity in maize: modulation of biomass production and nutrients uptake and translocation. J. Plant Nutr., 23(2):151-160.

[19] Ma, J.F., Hiradate, S., Nomoto, K., Iwashita, T., Matsumoto, H., 1997. Internal detoxification mechanism of Al in Hydrangea. Plant Physiol., 113(4):1033-1039.

[20] Mantovi, P., Bonazzi, G., Maestri, E., Marmiroli, N., 2003. Accumulation of copper and zinc from liquid manure in agricultural soils and crop plants. Plant Soil, 250(2):249-257.

[21] Marienfeld, S., Schmohl, N., Klein, M., Schröder, W.H., Kuhn, A.J., Horst, W.J., 2000. Localisation of aluminium in root tips of Zea mays and Vicia faba. J. Plant Physiol., 156(5-6):666-671.

[22] Mazen, A.M.A., 2004. Accumulation of four metals in tissues of Corchorus olitorius and possible mechanisms of their tolerance. Biologia Plantarum, 48(2):267-272.

[23] Onac, S., Trifu, M., 2002. Accumulation of some heavy metals from mine spoils by soybean plants. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Biologia, 47(1):61-70.

[24] Ruano, A., Barcelo, J., Poschenrieder, C., 1987. Zinc toxicity-induced variation of mineral element composition in hydroponically grown bush bean plants. J. Plant Nutr., 10(4):373-384.

[25] Sandalio, L.M., Dalurzo, H.C., Gómez, M., Romero-Puertas, M.C., del Rio, L.A., 2001. Cadmium-induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants. J. Exp. Bot., 52(364):2115-2126.

[26] Sanità di Toppi, L., Gabbrielli, R., 1999. Response to cadmium in higher plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 41(2):105-130.

[27] Shah, K., Dubey, R.S., 1997. Effect of cadmium on proline accumulation and ribonublease activity in rice seedlings: role of proline as a possible enzyme protectant. Biol. Plant, 40(1):121-130.

[28] Silva, J.R., Smyth, T.J., Moxley, D.F., Carter, T.E., Allen, N.S., Rufty, T.W., 2000. Aluminum accumulation at nuclei of cells in the root tip. Fluorescence detection using lumogallion and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Plant Physiol., 123(2):543-552.

[29] Simon, L., Smalley, T.J., Jones, J.B., Lasseigne, F.T., 1994. Aluminum toxicity in tomato. Part 1. Growth and mineral nutrition. J. Plant Nutr., 17(2&3):293-306.

[30] Trivedi, S., Erdei, L., 1992. Effects of cadmium and lead on the accumulation of Ca²⁺ and K⁺ and on the influxand translocation of K⁺ in wheat of low and high K status. Physiologia Plantarum, 84(1):94-100.

[31] Wu, F.B., Zhang, G.P., 2002. Genotypic variation in kernel heavy metal concentrations in barley and as affected by soil factors. J. Plant Nutr., 25(6):1163-1173.