JZUS - Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2011 Vol.12 No.6 P.415-427

Modified particle swarm optimization for optimum design of spread footing and retaining wall

Author(s): Mohammad Khajehzadeh, Mohd Raihan Taha, Ahmed El-Shafie, Mahdiyeh Eslami
Affiliation(s): Department of Civil Engineering, Anar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Anar, Iran, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor 43600, Malaysia, Department of Electrical Engineering, Anar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Anar, Iran
Corresponding email(s): mohammad.khajehzadeh@gmail.com
Key Words: Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Spread footing, Retaining wall, Sensitivity analysis

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Abstract: This paper deals with the economically optimized design and sensitivity of two of the most widely used systems in geotechnical engineering: spread footing and retaining wall. Several recent advanced optimization methods have been developed, but very few of these methods have been applied to geotechnical problems. The current research develops a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) approach to obtain the optimum design of spread footing and retaining wall. The algorithm handles the problem-specific constraints using a penalty function approach. The optimization procedure controls all geotechnical and structural design constraints while reducing the overall cost of the structures. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm, three case studies of spread footing and retaining wall are illustrated. Comparison of the results of the present method, standard PSO, and other selected methods employed in previous studies shows the reliability and accuracy of the algorithm. Moreover, the parametric performance is investigated in order to examine the effect of relevant variables on the optimum design of the footing and the retaining structure utilizing the proposed method.

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