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Abstract: This paper discusses some key problems faced in high-speed train operation. These problems include: wheel tread concave wear causing the lateral oscillation of the train in operation, wheel roundness higher-order polygonal wear leading to fierce vertical vibration of wheel/rail and abnormal vibration noise of the coach interior of the train thus causing loosening and cracking of the train bogie parts, short pitch rail corrugation generation on the part of the track, fracture of cushion layer and road base fracture of the track, and increased noise inside and outside the train. At present, the mechanism of the occurrence and development of these phenomena is still not fully understood. This paper briefly reviews the related research on these problems in China and abroad, including many important recent papers and the articles published in this special issue. They make outstanding contributions to solving these problems, and include important work on train-track coupling large system theory, the relationship theory and technique of wheel/rail, and the vibration-noise reduction technology of the train.

高速铁路运营过程中的关键问题：轮轨磨耗等

随着高速铁路运营里程和列车运营速度的不断增长，出现了一些和列车轨道耦合大系统密切相关的关键科学和技术问题。这些问题不仅影响到列车的运行品质，甚至威胁到安全运行，是当前高速铁路运用和发展中急需解决的问题。本文系统描述了高速铁路在运营过程中所出现的一些关键科学和技术问题，并述评了全世界有关这些问题的研究进展、现状和不足之处，提出了今后有利于认识和解决这些问题的发展方向。在长期高速运营的铁路大系统环境中，这些问题的形成的机理、发生、发展过程和预防措施的研究，需要从列车/轨道耦合大系统运营环境（速度、路况、气候和运用维修）、系统的自身参数匹配、材料选用和运营成本等全面系统考虑，并从理论、技术、工艺、监控和维修等方面解决。
高速铁路；高速列车；轮轨磨耗；列车/轨道耦合动力学；轮轨滚动接触理论；减振降噪理论和技术

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