CLC number: Q78
On-line Access: 2024-08-27
Received: 2023-10-17
Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08
Crosschecked: 0000-00-00
Cited: 79
Clicked: 8656
DRUZHININA Irina, KUBICEK Christian P.. Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea: from aggregate species to species clusters?[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2005, 6(2): 100-112.
@article{title="Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea: from aggregate species to species clusters?",
author="DRUZHININA Irina, KUBICEK Christian P.",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science B",
volume="6",
number="2",
pages="100-112",
year="2005",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.2005.B0100"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea: from aggregate species to species clusters?
%A DRUZHININA Irina
%A KUBICEK Christian P.
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B
%V 6
%N 2
%P 100-112
%@ 1673-1581
%D 2005
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.2005.B0100
TY - JOUR
T1 - Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea: from aggregate species to species clusters?
A1 - DRUZHININA Irina
A1 - KUBICEK Christian P.
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science B
VL - 6
IS - 2
SP - 100
EP - 112
%@ 1673-1581
Y1 - 2005
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.2005.B0100
Abstract: Trichoderma/Hypocrea is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised humans. Species identification, while essential in view of the controversial properties of taxa of this genus, has been problematic by traditional methods. Here we will present a critical survey of the various identification methods in use. In addition, we will present an update on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the 88 taxa (which occur as 14 holomorphs, 49 teleomorphs and 25 anamorphs in nature) of Trichoderma/Hypocrea that have been confirmed by a combination of morphological, physiological and genetic approaches.
[1] Bisby, G.R., 1939. Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries, and notes on Hypocrea. Trans Brit Mycol Soc, 23:149-168.
[2] Bissett, J., 1984. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. I. Sect. Longibrachiatum sect. nov. Can J Bot, 62:924-931.
[3] Bissett, J., 1991a. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. II. Infrageneric classification. Can J Bot, 69:2357-2372.
[4] Bissett, J., 1991b. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. III. Sect. Pachybasium. Can J Bot, 69:2373-2417.
[5] Bissett, J., 1991c. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. IV. Additional notes on section Longibrachiatum. Can J Bot, 69:2418-2420.
[6] Bissett, J., 1992. Trichoderma atroviride. Can J Bot, 70:639-641.
[7] Bissett, J., Szakacs, G., Nolan, C.A., Druzhinina, I., Kullnig-Gradinger, C.M., Kubicek, C.P., 2003. Seven new taxa of Trichoderma from Asia. Can J Bot, 81:570-586.
[8] Buckler, E.S., Ippolito, A., Holtsfort, T.E., 1997. The evolution of ribosomal DNA: divergent paralogues and phylogenetic implications. Genetics, 145:821-832.
[9] Chaverri, P., Castlebury, L.A., Samuels, G.J., Geiser, D., 2003a. Multilocus phylogenetic structure within the Trichoderma harzianum/Hypocrea lixii complex. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 27:302-313.
[10] Chaverri, P., Castlebury, L.A., Overton, B.E., Samuels, G.J., 2003b. Hypocrea/Trichoderma: species with conidiophore elongations and green conidia. Mycologia, 95:1100-1140.
[11] Chaverri, P., Candoussau, F., Samuels, G.J., 2004. Hypocrea phyllostachydis and its Trichoderma anamorph, a new bambusicolous species from France. Mycol Progr, 3:29-36.
[12] Dodd, S.L., Crowhurst, R.N., Rodrigo, A.C., Samuels, G.J., Hill, R.A., Stewart, A., 2000. Examination of Trichoderma phylogenies derived from ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycol Res, 104:23-34.
[13] Dodd, S.L., Lieckfeldt, E., Chaverri, P., Overton B.E., Samuels, G.J., 2002. Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of two species of Hypocrea with Trichoderma anamorphs. Mycol Progr, 1:409-428.
[14] Dodd, S.L., Lieckfeldt, E., Samuels, G.J., 2003. Hypocrea atroviridis sp. nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma atroviride. Mycologia, 95:27-40.
[15] Doi, Y., 1972. Revision of the Hypocreales with cultural observations. IV. The genus Hypocrea and its allies in Japan. (2) Enumeration of the species. Bull Natl Sci Museum Tokyo, 15:649-751.
[16] Doi, Y., Abe, Y., Sugyama, J., 1987. Trichoderma sect. Saturnisporum, sect. nov. and Trichoderma ghanense, sp. nov. Bull Nat Sci Museum, Ser B (Botany), 12:1-9.
[17] Druzhinina, I., Chaverri, P., Fallah, P., Kubicek, C.P., Samuels, G.J., 2004a. Hypocrea flavoconidia, a new species with yellow conidia from Costa Rica. Stud Mycol, in press.
[18] Druzhinina, I., Koptchinski, A., Komon, M., Bissett, J., Szakacs, G., Kubicek, C.P., 2004b. A DNA-barcode for strain identification in Trichoderma. Manuscript submitted.
[19] Gams, W., Bissett, J., 1998. Morphology and Identification of Trichoderma. In: Kubicek, C.P., Harman, G.E. (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 1. Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, p.3-34.
[20] Gherbawy, Y., Druzhinina, I., Shaban, G.M., Wuczkowsky, M., Yaser, M., El-Naghy, M.A., Prillinger, H.J., Kubicek, C.P., 2004. Trichoderma populations from alkaline agricultural soil in the Nile valley, Egypt, consist of only two species. Mycol Prog, 3:211-218.
[21] Hermosa, M.R., Grondona, I., Iturriaga, E.A., Diaz-Minguez, J.M., Castro, C., Monte, E., Garcia-Acha, I., 2000. Molecular characterization and identification of biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma spp. Appl Environ Microbiol, 66:1890-1898.
[22] Hermosa, M.R., Keck, E., Chamorro, I., Rubio, B., Sanz, L., Vizcaino, J.A., Grondona, I., Monte, E., 2004. Genetic diversity shown in Trichoderma biocontrol isolates. Mycol Res, 108:897-906.
[23] Hjeljord, L., Tronsmo, A., 1998. Trichoderma and Gliocladium in Biological Control: An Overview. In: Harman, G.E., Kubicek, C.P. (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 2. Enzymes, Biological Control and Commercial Applications. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, p.131-151.
[24] Huelsenbeck, J.P., Ronquist, F., 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17:754-755.
[25] Kindermann, J., El-Ayouti, Y., Samuels, G.J., Kubicek, C.P., 1998. Phylogeny of the genus Trichoderma based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 of the rDNA clade. Fungal Genet Biol, 24:298-309.
[26] Klein, D., Eveleigh, D.E., 1998. Ecology of Trichoderma. In: Kubicek, C.P., Harman, G.E. (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 1. Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, p.57-74.
[27] Kraus, G., Druzhinina, I., Bissett, J., Zafari, D., Prillinger, H.J., Szakacs, G., Zare, R., Gams, W., Kubicek, C.P., 2004. Trichoderma brevicompactum sp. nov. Mycologia, 96:1057-1071.
[28] Kredics, L., Antal, Z., Doczi, I., Manczinger, L., Kevei, F., Nagy, E., 2003. Clinical importance of the genus Trichoderma. A review. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung, 50:105-17.
[29] Kubicek, C.P., Penttilä, M.E., 1998. Regulation of Production of Plant Polysaccharide Degrading Enzymes by Trichoderma. In: Harman, G.E., Kubicek, C.P. (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 2. Enzymes, Biological Control and Commercial Applications. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, p.49-71.
[30] Kubicek, C.P., Bissett, J., Druzhinina, I., Kullnig-Gradinger, C.M., Szakacs, G., 2003. Genetic and metabolic diversity of Trichoderma: a case study on South East Asian isolates. Fungal Genet Biol, 38:310-319.
[31] Kuhls, K., Lieckfeldt, E., Samuels, G.J., Kovacs, W., Meyer, W., Petrini, O., Gams, W., Börner, T., Kubicek, C.P., 1996. Molecular evidence that the asexual industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei is a clonal derivative of the ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA, 93:7755-7760.
[32] Kuhls, K., Lieckfeldt, E., Samuels, G.J., Meyer, W., Kubicek, C.P., Börner, T., 1997. Revision of Trichoderma section Longibrachiatum including related teleomorphs based on an analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Mycologia, 89:442-460.
[33] Kullnig, C.M., Szakacs, G., Kubicek, C.P., 2000. Molecular identification of Trichoderma species from Russia, Siberia and the Himalaya. Mycol Res, 104:1117-1125.
[34] Kullnig, C.M., Krupica, T., Woo, S.L., Mach, R.L., Rey, M., Benitez, T., Lorito, M., Kubicek, C.P., 2001. Confusion abounds over identity of Trichoderma biocontrol isolates. Mycol Res, 105:769-772.
[35] Kullnig-Gradinger, C.M., Szakacs, G., Kubicek, C.P., 2002. Phylogeny and evolution of the fungal genus Trichoderma-a multigene approach. Mycol Res, 106:757-767.
[36] Lewis, P.O., 2001. Phylogenetic systematics turns over a new leaf. Trends Ecol Evol, 16:30-37.
[37] Lieckfeldt, E., Seifert, K.A., 2000. An evaluation of the use of ITS sequences in the taxonomy of the Hypocreales. Stud Mycol, 45:35-44.
[38] Lieckfeldt, E., Samuels, G.J., Börner, T., Gams, W., 1998. Trichoderma koningii: neotypification and Hypocrea teleomorph. Can J Bot, 76:1507-1522.
[39] Lieckfeldt, E., Samuels, G.J., Nirenberg, H.I., Petrini, O., 1999. A morphological and molecular perspective of Trichoderma viride: is it one or two species. Appl Environ Microbiol, 65:2418-2428.
[40] Lieckfeldt, E., Kullnig, C.M., Kubicek, C.P., Samuels, G.J., Börner, T., 2001. Trichoderma aureoviride: phylogenetic position and characterization. Mycol Res, 105:313-322.
[41] Lu, B.S., Samuels, G.J., 2004. Hypocrea stilbohypoxyli and its Trichoderma koningii-like anamorph from Puerto Rico on Stilbohypoxylon Muelleri. Sydowia, manuscript submitted.
[42] Lu, B.S., Druzhinina, I., Chaverri, P., Fallah, P., Gradinger, C., Kubicek, C.P., Samuels, G.J., 2004. Hypocrea/Trichoderma species with pachybasium-like conidiophores: teleomorphs for T. minutisporum and T. polysporum, and their newly discovered relatives. Mycologia, 96:310-342.
[43] Lutzoni, F., Pagel, M., Reeb, V., 2001. Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors. Nature, 411:937-940.
[44] Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A.W., Rosenbluth, M.N., Teller, A.H., Teller, E., 1953. Equations of state calculations for fast computing machines. J Chem Phys, 21:1087-1091.
[45] Nelson, E.E., 1982. Occurrence of Trichoderma in a Douglas-fir soil. Mycologia, 74:280-284.
[46] O’Donnell, K., 1992. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers are highly divergent in the phytopathogenic ascomycete Fusarium sambucinum (Gibberella pulicaris). Curr Genet, 22:213-220.
[47] O’Donnell, K., Cigelnik, E., Nirenberg, H.I., 1998. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia, 90:465-493.
[48] Persoon, C.H., 1794. Disposito Methodica Fungorum in Classes, Ordines, Familias et Genera. In: Römer, J.J. (Ed.), Neues Magazin für Botanik. Ziegler und Söhne, Zürich, p.63-128.
[49] Rannala, B., Yang, Z., 1996. Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic interference. J Mol Evol, 43:304-311.
[50] Rifai, M.A., 1969. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. Mycol Pap, 116:1-116.
[51] Salemi, M., Vandamme, A., 2003. The Phylogenetic Handbook. A Practical Approach to DNA and Protein Phylogeny. Cambidge University Press, UK.
[52] Samuels, G.J., 1996. Trichoderma: A review of biology and systematics of the genus. Mycol Res, 100:923-935.
[53] Samuels, G.J., 2004. Trichoderma ovalisporum: A new endophytic species with potential to control frosty pod rot of cocoa. Mycol. Prog., in press.
[54] Samuels, G.J., Petrini, O., Kuhls, K., Lieckfeldt, E., Kubicek, C.P., 1998. The Hypocrea schweinitzii complex and Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum. Stud Mycol, 41:1-54.
[55] Samuels, G.J., Dodd, S.L., Gams, W., Castlebury, L.A., Petrini, O., 2002. Trichoderma species associated with the green mold epidemic of commercially grown Agaricus bisporus. Mycologia, 94:146-170.
[56] Sivasithamparam, K., Ghisalberti, E.L., 1998. Secondary Metabolism in Trichoderma and Gliocladium. In: Kubicek, C.P., Harman, G.E. (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 1. Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, p.139-191.
[57] Taylor, J.W., Jacobson, D.J., Fisher, M., 1999. The evolution of asexual fungi: speciation and classification. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 37:197-246.
[58] Taylor, J.W., Jacobson, D.J., Kroken, S., Kasuga, T., Geiser, D.M., Hibbett, D.S., Fisher, M.C., 2000. Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal Genet Biol, 31:21-32.
[59] Thrane, U., Poulsen, S.B., Nirenberg, H.I., Lieckfeldt, E., 2001. Identification of Trichoderma strains by image analysis of HPLC chromatograms. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 203:249-255.
[60] Turner, D., Kovacs, W., Kuhls, K., Lieckfeldt, E., Peter, B., Arisan-Atac, I., Strauss, J., Samuels, G.J., Börner, T., Kubicek, C.P., 1997. Biogeography and phenotypic variation in Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum and associated Hypocrea species. Mycol Res, 101:449-459.
[61] Widden, P., Abitbol, J.J., 1980. Seasonality of Trichoderma species in a spruce-forest soil. Mycologia, 72:775-784.
[62] Wuczskowski, M., Druzhinina, I., Gherbawy, Y., Klug, B., Prillinger, H.J., Kubicek,. C.P., 2003. Taxon pattern and genetic diversity of Trichoderma in a mid-European, primeval floodplain-forest. Microbiol Res, 158:125-134.
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>
mohamed@yaser<mohamedyaser76@yahoo.com>
2015-01-22 18:12:39
very good and very important for me