Full Text:   <2583>

Summary:  <1620>

CLC number: TH161.12

On-line Access: 2024-08-27

Received: 2023-10-17

Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08

Crosschecked: 2020-09-16

Cited: 0

Clicked: 3175

Citations:  Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

 ORCID:

Xiao-lu Zhang

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3799-9244

Tao Jiang

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2715-294X

-   Go to

Article info.
Open peer comments

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2020 Vol.21 No.10 P.799-816

http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900656


Methodology for expressing the flow coefficients of coupled throttling grooves in a proportional–directional valve


Author(s):  Xiao-lu Zhang, An-lin Wang, Wei Chen, Long Kuang, Tao Jiang

Affiliation(s):  School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; more

Corresponding email(s):   jiangtao@tongji.edu.cn

Key Words:  Flow coefficient, Proportional–, directional valve, Coupled throttling grooves, Saturated flow


Xiao-lu Zhang, An-lin Wang, Wei Chen, Long Kuang, Tao Jiang. Methodology for expressing the flow coefficients of coupled throttling grooves in a proportional–directional valve[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2020, 21(10): 799-816.

@article{title="Methodology for expressing the flow coefficients of coupled throttling grooves in a proportional–directional valve",
author="Xiao-lu Zhang, An-lin Wang, Wei Chen, Long Kuang, Tao Jiang",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
volume="21",
number="10",
pages="799-816",
year="2020",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/jzus.A1900656"
}

%0 Journal Article
%T Methodology for expressing the flow coefficients of coupled throttling grooves in a proportional–directional valve
%A Xiao-lu Zhang
%A An-lin Wang
%A Wei Chen
%A Long Kuang
%A Tao Jiang
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A
%V 21
%N 10
%P 799-816
%@ 1673-565X
%D 2020
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/jzus.A1900656

TY - JOUR
T1 - Methodology for expressing the flow coefficients of coupled throttling grooves in a proportional–directional valve
A1 - Xiao-lu Zhang
A1 - An-lin Wang
A1 - Wei Chen
A1 - Long Kuang
A1 - Tao Jiang
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science A
VL - 21
IS - 10
SP - 799
EP - 816
%@ 1673-565X
Y1 - 2020
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/jzus.A1900656


Abstract: 
Calculating the flow coefficient of a spool-valve is complicated due to the coupling–throttling effect in the throttling grooves of a proportional–;directional valve. In this paper, a methodology for expressing the flow coefficient of coupled throttling grooves is proposed to resolve that difficulty. With this purpose, an approach of a 3D numerical simulation and an experimental bench were introduced based on the prototype of a commercial proportional valve. The results show consistency between the numerical simulation and the bench test. Based on that, the concept of ‘saturation limit’ is introduced to describe the value gap between the current and saturated flows, so that the flow-coefficient saturation limit of the prototype in the process can be deducted. Accordingly, an approximate flow coefficient suitable for coupled throttling grooves within finite variable space, which is based on three typical throttling structures (i.e. O-shape, U-shape, and C-shape) of the coupled throttling grooves, is obtained based on an orthogonal test. The model results are consistent with the numerical and experimental results, with maximum errors of less than 5.29% and 5.34%, respectively. This suggests that the proposed method is effective in approximating the flow coefficient.

比例换向阀耦合节流槽的流量系数表达方法

目的:比例换向阀阀口节流槽的耦合节流效应使其腔内流场的流量系数存在复杂性与动态性特征.本文旨在研究比例换向阀腔内流量系数的近似表达方法,以指导其设计.
创新点:1. 在三维流场解析与台架实验结果基本一致的基础上,推导出了比例换向阀流量系数的极限饱和度模型; 2. 结合正交试验方法,构建并标定了比例换向阀有限变量空间的流量系数近似模型.
方法:1. 通过台架试验,验证比例换向阀三维计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真的有效性(图9和10); 2. 在台架试验与仿真解析结果基本一致的前提下,引入极限饱和度概念,推导出流量系数的极限饱和度表达(公式(9)和(10)); 3. 结合现有滑阀节流槽结构形态,构建基于三种典型节流槽结构(O型、U型和C型)的设计变量空间(图13); 4. 结合试验设计方法,构建并标定有限变量空间的流量系数近似模型(图19).
结论:1. 在台架试验与仿真解析结果基本一致的基础上,推导出了比例换向阀流量系数的极限饱和度模型; 2. 通过试验设计方法,得到了比例换向阀开启过程的流量系数变化趋势,即先增后减; 3. 推导和标定了比例换向阀有限变量空间的流量系数近似模型,可有效实现近似模型化表达.

关键词:流量系数;比例换向阀;耦合节流槽;饱和流量

Darkslateblue:Affiliate; Royal Blue:Author; Turquoise:Article

Reference

[1]Afatsun AC, Balkan RT, 2019. A mathematical model for simulation of flow rate and chamber pressures in spool valves. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 141(2):021004.

[2]Amirante R, Del Vescovo G, Lippolis A, 2006. Evaluation of the flow forces on an open centre directional control valve by means of a computational fluid dynamic analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 47(13-14):1748-1760.

[3]Amirante R, Distaso E, Tamburrano P, 2014a. Experimental and numerical analysis of cavitation in hydraulic proportional directional valves. Energy Conversion and Management, 87:208-219.

[4]Amirante R, Catalano LA, Poloni C, et al., 2014b. Fluid-dynamic design optimization of hydraulic proportional directional valves. Engineering Optimization, 46(10):1295-1314.

[5]Amirante R, Catalano LA, Tamburrano P, 2014c. The importance of a full 3D fluid dynamic analysis to evaluate the flow forces in a hydraulic directional proportional valve. Engineering Computations, 31(5):898-922.

[6]Amirante R, Distaso E, Tamburrano P, 2016. Sliding spool design for reducing the actuation forces in direct operated proportional directional valves: experimental validation. Energy Conversion and Management, 119:399-410.

[7]Borghi M, Cantore G, Milani M, et al., 1998. Analysis of hydraulic components using computational fluid dynamics models. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 212(7):619-629.

[8]Borghi M, Milani M, Paoluzzi R, 2005. Influence of notch shape and number of notches on the metering characteristics of hydraulic spool valves. International Journal of Fluid Power, 6(2):5-18.

[9]Chattopadhyay H, Kundu A, Saha BK, et al., 2012. Analysis of flow structure inside a spool type pressure-regulating valve. Energy Conversion and Management, 53(1):196-204.

[10]Chen QP, Ji H, Zhu Y, et al., 2018. Proposal for optimization of spool valve flow force based on the MATLAB-AMESim-FLUENT joint simulation method. IEEE Access, 6: 33148-33158.

[11]Frosina E, Senatore A, Buono D, et al., 2017. A modeling approach to study the fluid-dynamic forces acting on the spool of a flow control valve. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 139(1):011103.

[12]Frosina E, Marinaro G, Senatore A, et al., 2018. Numerical and experimental investigation for the design of a directional spool valve. Energy Procedia, 148:274-280.

[13]Fu X, Lu L, Ruan XD, et al., 2008. Noise properties in spool valves with cavitating flow. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, p.1241-1249.

[14]Hong SH, Kim KW, 2016. A new type groove for hydraulic spool valve. Tribology International, 103:629-640.

[15]Hua B, Wang L, Du YF, et al., 2018. Design and experiment on integrated proportional control valve of automatic steering system. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17):389-396.

[16]Jin ZJ, Qiu C, Jiang CH, et al., 2020. Effect of valve core shapes on cavitation flow through a sleeve regulating valve. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 21(1):1-14.

[17]Lisowski E, Rajda J, 2013. CFD analysis of pressure loss during flow by hydraulic directional control valve constructed from logic valves. Energy Conversion and Management, 65:285-291.

[18]Lisowski E, Filo G, 2016. CFD analysis of the characteristics of a proportional flow control valve with an innovative opening shape. Energy Conversion and Management, 123:15-28.

[19]Lisowski E, Filo G, 2017. Analysis of a proportional control valve flow coefficient with the usage of a CFD method. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 53:269-278.

[20]Lisowski E, Filo G, Rajda J, 2015. Pressure compensation using flow forces in a multi-section proportional directional control valve. Energy Conversion and Management, 103:1052-1064.

[21]Lisowski E, Filo G, Rajda J, 2018. Analysis of flow forces in the initial phase of throttle gap opening in a proportional control valve. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 59:157-167.

[22]Lu ZY, Zhang JH, Xu B, et al., 2019. Deadzone compensation control based on detection of micro flow rate in pilot stage of proportional directional valve. ISA Transactions, 94: 234-245.

[23]Majdič F, Pezdirnik J, Kalin M, 2011. Experimental validation of the lifetime performance of a proportional 4/3 hydraulic valve operating in water. Tribology International, 44(12):2013-2021.

[24]Okabe H, Tanaka Y, Watanabe A, et al., 2019. Cavitation in a spool valve for water hydraulics. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 240(6):062029.

[25]Palau-Salvador G, González-Altozano P, Arviza-Valverde J, 2008. Three-dimensional modeling and geometrical influence on the hydraulic performance of a control valve. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 130(1):011102.

[26]Pan XD, Wang GL, Lu ZS, 2011. Flow field simulation and a flow model of servo-valve spool valve orifice. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(10):3249-3256.

[27]Posa A, Oresta P, Lippolis A, 2013. Influence of the spool velocity on the performance of a directional hydraulic valve. International Journal of Fluid Power, 14(3):15-25.

[28]SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), 2017. Control Valve Test Procedure, Ground Vehicle Standard J747_201711. SAE International, New York, USA.

[29]Simic M, Herakovic N, 2015. Reduction of the flow forces in a small hydraulic seat valve as alternative approach to improve the valve characteristics. Energy Conversion and Management, 89:708-718.

[30]Srikanth C, Bhasker C, 2009. Flow analysis in valve with moving grids through CFD techniques. Advances in Engineering Software, 40(3):193-201.

[31]Tamburrano P, Plummer AR, Distaso E, et al., 2019a. A review of direct drive proportional electrohydraulic spool valves: industrial state-of-the-art and research advancements. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 141(2):020801.

[32]Tamburrano P, Plummer AR, Distaso E, et al., 2019b. A review of electro-hydraulic servovalve research and development. International Journal of Fluid Power, 20(1):53-98.

[33]Valdés JR, Rodríguez JM, Javier S, et al., 2014. A methodology for the parametric modelling of the flow coefficients and flow rate in hydraulic valves. Energy Conversion and Management, 88:598-611.

[34]Vanella M, Posa A, Balaras E, 2014. Adaptive mesh refinement for immersed boundary methods. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 136(4):040909.

[35]Wang AL, Kuang L, Zhang XL, 2018. A study on flow coefficient of combined throttling groove in spool valves. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 52(2):110-117 (in Chinese).

[36]Wang ZQ, Gu LY, Ji H, et al., 2014. Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods. Journal of Central South University, 21(1):140-150.

[37]White FM, 1999. Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, p.325-381.

[38]Wu DZ, Li SY, Wu P, 2015. CFD simulation of flow-pressure characteristics of a pressure control valve for automotive fuel supply system. Energy Conversion and Management, 101:658-665,

[39]Ye Y, Yin CB, Li XD, et al., 2014. Effects of groove shape of notch on the flow characteristics of spool valve. Energy Conversion and Management, 86:1091-1101.

[40]Zalogin O, Noskov A, Cherevatov A, 2018. CFD analysis of fluid flow inside the spool valve at unsteady modes. Proceedings of the Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium.

[41]Zhang XL, Wang AL, Tang JW, 2018. Optimal design of multi-section proportional directional valve throttle grooves with artificial neural networks. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Design, Mechanical and Material Engineering.

Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion

<1>

Please provide your name, email address and a comment





Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
Tel: +86-571-87952783; E-mail: cjzhang@zju.edu.cn
Copyright © 2000 - 2024 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE