Full Text:
<656>
Summary: 
<71>
CLC number: TN722
On-line Access: 2025-02-10
Received: 2024-01-29
Revision Accepted: 2024-05-27
Crosschecked: 2025-02-18
Cited: 0
Clicked: 1012
Design of a wideband symmetric large back-off range Doherty power amplifier based on impedance and phase hybrid optimization
| ||||||||||||||
Zhongpeng NI, Jing XIA, Xinyu ZHOU, Wa KONG, Wence ZHANG, Xiaowei ZHU. Design of a wideband symmetric large back-off range Doherty power amplifier based on impedance and phase hybrid optimization[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2025, 26(1): 146-156.
@article{title="Design of a wideband symmetric large back-off range Doherty power amplifier based on impedance and phase hybrid optimization",
author="Zhongpeng NI, Jing XIA, Xinyu ZHOU, Wa KONG, Wence ZHANG, Xiaowei ZHU",
journal="Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering",
volume="26",
number="1",
pages="146-156",
year="2025",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/FITEE.2400066"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Design of a wideband symmetric large back-off range Doherty power amplifier based on impedance and phase hybrid optimization
%A Zhongpeng NI
%A Jing XIA
%A Xinyu ZHOU
%A Wa KONG
%A Wence ZHANG
%A Xiaowei ZHU
%J Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
%V 26
%N 1
%P 146-156
%@ 2095-9184
%D 2025
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/FITEE.2400066
TY - JOUR
T1 - Design of a wideband symmetric large back-off range Doherty power amplifier based on impedance and phase hybrid optimization
A1 - Zhongpeng NI
A1 - Jing XIA
A1 - Xinyu ZHOU
A1 - Wa KONG
A1 - Wence ZHANG
A1 - Xiaowei ZHU
J0 - Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
VL - 26
IS - 1
SP - 146
EP - 156
%@ 2095-9184
Y1 - 2025
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/FITEE.2400066
Abstract: The present paper proposes an optimization design method for the Doherty output matching network (OMN) using impedance–;phase hybrid objective function constraints, which possesses the capability of enhancing the efficiency consistency of the doherty power amplifier (DPA) using integrated enhancing reactance (IER) during the back-off power (BOP) range. By calculating the desired reactance for an extended BOP range and combining it with the two-impedance matching method, the S-parameters of the OMN are obtained. Meanwhile, the impedance and phase constraints of the OMN are proposed to narrow the distribution range of the IER. Furthermore, a fragment-type structure is employed in the OMN optimization so as to enhance the flexibility of the circuit optimization design. To validate the proposed method, a 1.7–2.5 GHz symmetric DPA with a large BOP range was designed and fabricated. Measurement results demonstrate that across the entire operating frequency band, the saturated output power is >44 dBm, and the efficiency ranges from 45% to 55% at a 9-dB BOP.
[1]Akbarpour M, Helaoui M, Ghannouchi FM, 2012. A transformer-less load-modulated (TLLM) architecture for efficient wideband power amplifiers. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 60(9):2863-2874.
[2]Asbeck P, Popovic Z, 2016. ET comes of age: envelope tracking for higher-efficiency power amplifiers. IEEE Microw Mag, 17(3):16-25.
[3]Chen SC, Wang WW, Xu KW, et al., 2018. A reactance compensated three-device Doherty power amplifier for bandwidth and back-off range extension. Wirel Commun Mob Comput, 2018:8418165.
[4]Choi W, Kang H, Oh H, et al., 2021. Doherty power amplifier based on asymmetric cells with complex combining load. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 69(4):2336-2344.
[5]Chung A, Rejeb MB, Darwish A, et al., 2018. Frequency doubler based outphasing system for millimeter wave vector signal generation. Proc 15th European Radar Conf, p.449-452.
[6]Cui J, Li PP, Sheng WX, 2023. High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, 24(1):176-186.
[7]Dai ZJ, Kong SM, Feng W, et al., 2024. Design of wideband asymmetric Doherty power amplifier using a new phase compensation technique. IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regular Papers, 71(3):1093-1104.
[8]Doherty WH, 1936. A new high efficiency power amplifier for modulated waves. Proc Inst Radio Eng, 24(9):1163-1182.
[9]Fang XH, Cheng KKM, 2014. Extension of high-efficiency range of Doherty amplifier by using complex combining load. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 62(9):2038-2047.
[10]Guo J, Crupi G, Cai JL, 2022. A broadband asymmetric Doherty power amplifier design based on multiobjective Bayesian optimization: theoretical and experimental validation. IEEE Access, 10:89823-89834.
[11]Karahan EA, Liu Z, Sengupta K, 2023. Deep-learning-based inverse-designed millimeter-wave passives and power amplifiers. IEEE J Sol-State Circ, 58(11):3074-3088.
[12]Kong W, Xia J, Meng F, et al., 2018. A Doherty power amplifier with large back-off power range using integrated enhancing reactance. Wirel Commun Mob Comput, 2018:3968308.
[13]Kong W, Zhong YJ, Xia J, et al., 2024. Optimization design of broadband Doherty PA using fragment-type matching network based on dual-state impedance objective function. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs, 71(4):1809-1813.
[14]Li C, You F, Peng J, et al., 2020. Co-design of matching sub-networks to realize broadband symmetrical Doherty with configurable back-off region. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs, 67(10):1730-1734.
[15]Li M, Li ZQ, Zheng Q, et al., 2022. A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, 23(2):346-350.
[16]Li MY, Cheng XB, Dai ZJ, et al., 2023. A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, 24(3):470-479.
[17]Liu X, Lv GS, Wang DH, et al., 2020. Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, 21(1):72-96.
[18]Lyu H, Lovato R, Gowri SP, et al., 2023. Co-design of Doherty power amplifier and post-matching bandpass filter. IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Conf, p.65-68.
[19]Nan JC, Wang H, Cong MF, et al., 2021. A broadband Doherty power amplifier with a new load modulation network. IEEE Access, 9:58025-58033.
[20]Özen M, Andersson K, Fager C, 2016. Symmetrical Doherty power amplifier with extended efficiency range. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 64(4):1273-1284.
[21]Pang JZ, He SB, Huang CY, et al., 2015. A post-matching Doherty power amplifier employing low-order impedance inverters for broadband applications. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 63(12):4061-4071.
[22]Ren M, Gao RB, Liu S, et al., 2024. Design of wideband Doherty power amplifier using inverse continuous class-F mode. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs, 71(9):4176-4180.
[23]Roychowdhury D, Kitchen J, 2022. Asymmetrical continuous mode Doherty power amplifier using complex combining load impedance. IEEE Texas Symp on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems, p.1-5.
[24]Ruhul Hasin M, Kitchen J, 2019. Exploiting phase for extended efficiency range in symmetrical Doherty power amplifiers. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 67(8):3455-3463.
[25]Shi WM, He SB, Gideon N, 2017. Extending high-efficiency power range of symmetrical Doherty power amplifiers by taking advantage of peaking stage. IET Microw Antenn Propag, 11(9):1296-1302.
[26]Shi WM, He SB, Zhu XY, et al., 2018. Broadband continuous-mode Doherty power amplifiers with non-infinity peaking impedance. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 66(2):1034-1046.
[27]Wang H, Nan JC, Cong MF, et al., 2022. A broadband power amplifier with multifrequency impedance matching. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 32(11):1339-1342.
[28]Xia J, Yang MS, Guo Y, et al., 2016. A broadband high-efficiency Doherty power amplifier with integrated compensating reactance. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 64(7):2014-2024.
[29]Xia J, Bian CX, Kong W, et al., 2022. Optimization design of fragment-type filtering matching network for continuous inverse class-F power amplifier. IEICE Electron Express, 19(14):20220043.
[30]Xiao F, Dai ZJ, Pang JZ, et al., 2021. A Doherty power amplifier with extended back-off by using non-infinite peaking impedance and complex combining load. IEEE MTT-S Int Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications, p.182-184.
[31]Xu Y, Pang JZ, Wang XY, et al., 2021. Enhancing bandwidth and back-off range of Doherty power amplifier with modified load modulation network. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 69(4):2291-2303.
[32]Yang ZX, Yao Y, Li MY, et al., 2019. Bandwidth extension of Doherty power amplifier using complex combining load with noninfinity peaking impedance. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 67(2):765-777.
[33]Yao Y, Dai ZJ, Li MY, 2024. A novel topology with controllable wideband baseband impedance for power amplifiers. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, 25(2):308-315.
[34]Zhang JR, Zheng SY, Yang N, 2023. An efficient broadband symmetrical Doherty power amplifier with extended back-off range. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs, 70(4):1316-1320.
[35]Zhang QF, Li H, 2007. MOEA/D: a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition. IEEE Trans Evol Comput, 11(6):712-731.
[36]Zhou H, Perez-Cisneros JR, Hesami S, et al., 2022. A generic theory for design of efficient three-stage Doherty power amplifiers. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 70(2):1242-1253.
[37]Zhou LH, Zhou XY, Chan WS, 2023. A compact and broadband Doherty power amplifier without post-matching network. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs, 70(3):919-923.
[38]Zhou XY, Chan WS, Sharma T, et al., 2022. A Doherty power amplifier with extended high-efficiency range using three-port harmonic injection network. IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regular Papers, 69(7):2756-2766.
ORCID: 
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>