Similar articles

Abstract: Application Layer Multicast (ALM) can greatly reduce the load of a server by leveraging the outgoing bandwidth of the participating nodes. However, most proposed ALM schemes become quite complicated and lose bandwidth efficiency if they try to deal with networks that are significantly heterogeneous or time-varying. In earlier work, we proposed mutualCast, an ALM scheme with fully connected mesh that quickly adapts to the time-varying networks, while achieving provably optimal throughput performance. In this paper, we study how mutualCast can be paired with adaptive rate control for streaming media. Specifically, we combine Optimal Rate Control (ORC), our earlier control-theoretical framework for quality adaptation, with the mutualCast delivery scheme. Using multiple bit rate video content, we show that the proposed system can gracefully adjust the common quality received at all the nodes while maintaining a continuous streaming experience at each, even when the network undergoes severe, uncorrelated bandwidth fluctuations at different peer nodes.

[1] Anderson, B.D.O., Moore, J.B., 1990. Optimal Control: Linear Quadratic Methods. Prentice Hall.

[2] Bharambe, A., Herley, C., Padmanabhan, V., 2005. Understanding and Deconstructing Bittorrent Performance. Microsoft Research Technical Report, MSR-TR-2005 -05.

[3] Birney, W., 2003. Intelligent Streaming. Available at http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/howto/articles/intstreaming.aspx.

[4] Castro, M., Druschel, P., Kermarrec, A.M., Rowstron, A., 2002. SCRIBE: a large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure. IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, 20(8):1489-1499.

[5] Castro, M., Druschel, P., Kermarrec, A.M., Nandi, A., Rowstron, A., Singh, A., 2003. Splitstream: High-Bandwidth Content Distribution in a Cooperative Environment. Proc. the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems. Berkeley, CA.

[6] Chawathe, Y., 2000. Scattercast: An Architecture for Internet Broad-Cast Distribution as an Infrastructure Service. Ph.D Thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

[7] Cherkasova, L., Lee, J., 2003. FastReplica: Efficient Large File Distribution within Content Delivery Networks. Proc. the 4th USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems. Seattle, WA.

[8] Chu, Y.H., Rao, S., Zhang, H., 2000. A Case for End System Multicast. Proc. ACM Sigmetrics. Santa Clara, CA.

[9] Cohen, B., 2003. Incentives Build Robustness in Bittorrent. Proc. Workshop on Economics of Peer-to-Peer Systems. Berkeley, CA.

[10] Conklin, G., Greenbaum, G., Lillevold, K., Lippman, A., Reznik, Y., 2001. Video coding for streaming media delivery on the Internet. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 11(3):269-281.

[11] Gkantsidis, C., Rodriguez, P., 2005. Network Coding for Large Scale Content Distribution. Proc. Conf. Computer Communications (INFOCOM). Miami, FL.

[12] Huang, C., Chou, P.A., Klemets, A., 2004a. Optimal Coding Rate Control for Scalable Streaming Media. Proc. Int’l Packet Video Workshop. Irvine, CA.

[13] Huang, C., Chou, P.A., Klemets, A., 2004b. Optimal Control of Multiple Bit Rates for Streaming Media. Proc. Picture Coding Symposium. San Francisco, CA.

[14] Huang, C., Chou, P.A., Klemets, A., 2005. Optimal Coding Rate Control for Scalable and Multi Bit Rate Streaming media. Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, Tech. Rep. MSR-TR-2005-47.

[15] Jannotti, J., Gifford, D.K., Johnson, K.L., Kaashoek, M.F., O’Toole, J.W.Jr, 2002. Overcast: Reliable Multicasting with an Overlay Network. Proc. the 4th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI). San Diego, CA.

[16] Kostic, D., Rodriguez, A., Albrecht, J., Vahdat, A., 2003. Bullet: High Bandwidth Data Dissemination Using an Overlay Mesh. Proc. 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. Bolton Landing, New York.

[17] Li, J., Chou, P.A., Zhang, C., 2005. MutualCast: An Efficient Mechanism for One-to-Many Content Distribution. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM ASIA Workshop.

[18] Padmanabhan, V.N., Wang, H.J., Chou, P.A., 2003. Resilient Peer-to-Peer Streaming. Proc. Int’l Conf. Network Protocols. Atlanta, GA.

[19] Pendarakis, D., Shi, D.V.S., Waldvogel, M., 2001. ALMI: An Application level Multicast Infrastructure. Third USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS).

[20] Ratnasamy, S., Handley, M., Karp, R., Shenker, S., 2001. Application-Level Multicast Using Content-Addressable Networks. Proc. the Third International COST264 Workshop (NGC 2001). London, UK.

[21] Ribas-Corbera, J., Chou, P.A., Regunathan, S., 2003. A generalized hypothetical reference decoder for H.264/AVC. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 13(7):674-687.

[22] Wang, B., Kurose, J., Shenoy, P., Towsley, D., 2004. Multimedia Streaming via TCP: An Analytic Performance Study. Proc. Int’l Conf. Multimedia. New York City.

[23] Zhang, X., Liu, J., Li, B., Yum, T.S.P., 2005. DONet/CoolStreaming: A Data-Driven Overlay Network for Live Media Streaming. Proc. Conf. Computer Communications (INFOCOM). Miami, FL.

[24] Zhuang, S.Q., Zhao, B.Y., Joseph, A.D., Katz, R.H., Kubiatowicz, J., 2001. Bayeux: An Architecture for Scalable and Fault-Tolerant Wide-Area Data Dissemination. Proc. Int’l Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV).