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On-line Access: 2019-04-15
Received: 2018-04-28
Revision Accepted: 2018-09-12
Crosschecked: 2019-03-14
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A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry
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Erfan Soliman, Sarujan Ranjan, Tianyou Xu, Carol Gee, Aidan Harker, lvaro Barrera, John Geddes . A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science D, 2018, 1(3): 161-170.
@article{title="A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry",
author="Erfan Soliman, Sarujan Ranjan, Tianyou Xu, Carol Gee, Aidan Harker, lvaro Barrera, John Geddes ",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science D",
volume="1",
number="3",
pages="161-170",
year="2018",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1007/s42242-018-0018-x"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry
%A Erfan Soliman
%A Sarujan Ranjan
%A Tianyou Xu
%A Carol Gee
%A Aidan Harker
%A lvaro Barrera
%A John Geddes
%J Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE D
%V 1
%N 3
%P 161-170
%@ 1869-1951
%D 2018
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1007/s42242-018-0018-x
TY - JOUR
T1 - A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry
A1 - Erfan Soliman
A1 - Sarujan Ranjan
A1 - Tianyou Xu
A1 - Carol Gee
A1 - Aidan Harker
A1 - lvaro Barrera
A1 - John Geddes
J0 - Journal of Zhejiang University Science D
VL - 1
IS - 3
SP - 161
EP - 170
%@ 1869-1951
Y1 - 2018
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1007/s42242-018-0018-x
Abstract: There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased vascularity of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in the bioavailability of drugs when administered intramuscularly. This paper is a review of the variables that affect the success of intramuscular injections and the implications that these success rates have in psychiatry and general medicine. Studies have shown that the success rates of intended intramuscular injections vary between 32 and 52%, with the rest potentially resulting in inadvertent subcutaneous drug deposition. These rates are found to be even lower for certain at-risk populations, such as obese patients and those on antipsychotic medications. The variables associated with an increased risk of injection failure include female sex, obesity, site of injection, and subcutaneous fat depth. New guidelines and methods are needed in order to address this challenge and ensure that patients receive optimum care. Looking forward, the best way to improve the delivery of intramuscular injections worldwide is to develop uniform algorithms or innovative medical devices to confirm or guarantee successful delivery at the bedside.
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