Similar articles

Abstract: emotion recognition via facial expressions (ERFE) has attracted a great deal of interest with recent advances in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. Most studies are based on 2D images, and their performance is usually computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a real-time emotion recognition approach based on both 2D and 3D facial expression features captured by kinect sensors. To capture the deformation of the 3D mesh during facial expression, we combine the features of animation units (AUs) and feature point positions (FPPs) tracked by kinect. A fusion algorithm based on improved emotional profiles (IEPs) and maximum confidence is proposed to recognize emotions with these real-time facial expression features. Experiments on both an emotion dataset and a real-time video show the superior performance of our method.

This paper proposes a method for facial expression recognition by combining 2D and 3D data which are captured by Kinect. The presented approach to FER (or ER) is rather obvious and straightforward, nevertheless it is valuable and worthy to be published.

基于Kinect的实时面部情感识别

[1]Ahlberg, J., 2001. Candide—an Updated Parameterised Face. Technical Report.

[2]Breidt, M., Biilthoff, H.H., Curio, C., 2011. Robust semantic analysis by synthesis of 3D facial motion. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition and Workshops, p.713-719.

[3]Cao, C., Weng, Y.L., Zhou, S., et al., 2014. FaceWarehouse: a 3D facial expression database for visual computing. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph., 20(3):413-425.

[4]Chang, C.C., Lin, C.J., 2011a. LIBSVM: a Library for Support Vector Machines. Available from http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/∼cjlin/libsvm/index.html.

[5]Chang, C.C., Lin, C.J., 2011b. LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., 2(3):27.

[6]Cosker, D., Krumhuber, E., Hilton, A., 2011. A FACS valid 3D dynamic action unit database with applications to 3D dynamic morphable facial modeling. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, p.2296-2303.

[7]Ekman, P., 1993. Facial expression and emotion. Am. Psychol., 48(4):384-392.

[8]Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., 1978. Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement. Palo Alto.

[9]Fasel, B., Luettin, J., 2003. Automatic facial expression analysis: a survey. Patt. Recog., 36(1):259-275.

[10]Hg, R.I., Jasek, P., Rofidal, C., et al., 2012. An RGB-D using Microsoft's Kinect for windows for face detection. Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems, p.42-46.

[11]Li, B.Y., Mian, A.S., Liu, W.Q., et al., 2013. Using Kinect for face recognition under varying poses, expressions, illumination and disguise. Proc. IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, p.186-192.

[12]Li, D.X., Sun, C., Hu, F.Q., et al., 2013. Real-time performance-driven facial animation with 3ds Max and Kinect. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks, p.473-476.

[13]Ma, X.H., Tan, Y.Q., Zheng, G.M., 2013. A fast classification scheme and its application to face recognition. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. C (Comput. & Electron.), 14(7):561-572.

[14]Mao, Q.R., Zhao, X.L., Huang, Z.W., et al., 2013. Speaker-independent speech emotion recognition by fusion of functional and accompanying paralanguage features. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. C (Comput. & Electron.), 14(7):573-582.

[15]Nicolaou, M.A., Gunes, H., Pantic, M., 2011. Continuous prediction of spontaneous affect from multiple cues and modalities in valence-arousal space. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput., 2(2):92-105.

[16]Savran, A., Alyüz, N., Dibeklioğlu, H., et al., 2008. Bosphorus database for 3D face analysis. Proc. 1st European Workshop on Biometrics and Identity Management, p.47-56.

[17]Seddik, B., Maâmatou, H., Gazzah, S., et al., 2013. Unsupervised facial expressions recognition and avatar reconstruction from Kinect. Proc. 10th Int. Multi-conf. on Systems, Signals & Devices, p.1-6.

[18]Stratou, G., Ghosh, A., Debevec, P., et al., 2011. Effect of illumination on automatic expression recognition: a novel 3D relightable facial database. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition and Workshops, p.611-618.

[19]van den Hurk, Y., 2012. Gender Classification with Visual and Depth Images. MS Thesis, Tilburg University, the Netherlands.

[20]Vinciarelli, A., Pantic, M., Heylen, D., et al., 2012. Bridging the gap between social animal and unsocial machine: a survey of social signal processing. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput., 3(1):69-87.

[21]Xu, S.B., Ma, G.H., Meng, W.L., et al., 2013. Statistical learning based facial animation. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. C (Comput. & Electron.), 14(7):542-550.

[22]Zeng, Z., Pantic, M., Roisman, G.I., et al., 2009. A survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual, and spontaneous expressions. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell., 31(1):39-58.

[23]Zhu, X.X., Ramanan, D., 2012. Face detection, pose estimation, and landmark localization in the wild. Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, p.2879-2886.