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On-line Access: 2026-01-27

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing  2026 Vol.9 No.1 P.100 - 121

http://doi.org/10.1631/bdm.2500027


Tissue engineering tubular scaffold fabrication for esophageal regeneration


Author(s):  Xingyu Zhou, Xianglin Zhang, Bin Wu

Affiliation(s):  1. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China more

Corresponding email(s):   wubin19@hust.edu.cn

Key Words:  Esophageal tissue engineering, Decellularization, Casting, Electrospinning, Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting


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Xingyu Zhou. Tissue engineering tubular scaffold fabrication for esophageal regeneration[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science D, 2026, 9(1): 100 - 121.

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Abstract: 
The esophagus is a tubular organ essential for maintaining normal eating function in humans. However, the replacement of the esophagus remains challenging in clinical settings. Although tissue engineering scaffolds are a promising alternative solution, their fabrication is difficult due to the complex structure and function of the esophagus. This review describes the existing fabrication methods for esophageal tubular scaffolds, including decellularization, casting, electrospinning, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, and pin-frogging. Also discussed are the stimulation cues of the fabricated esophageal tubular scaffold that induce esophageal muscle and epithelial cells. Finally, this review emphasizes three important concerns for esophageal tubular scaffolds: leakage and porosity, elasticity and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and biocompatibility and structural fidelity of biomaterials.

Tissue engineering tubular scaffold fabrication for esophageal regeneration

食管是人类维持正常进食功能所必需的管状器官, 一旦缺损, 临床多上提胃部或移植结肠、 空肠等自体胃肠道器官进行食管置换。 但由于食管结构复杂特殊, 自体移植无法完全重建其吞咽功能。 相较而言, 组织工程管状支架是一种有前景的替代解决方案, 但其制备仍存在不小挑战。 针对此问题, 本文首先分析了食管的结构特征和食管支架的设计要点。 其次综述了现有食管管状支架的制备方法: 脱细胞基质法、 铸造法、 3D打印法 (可细分为 “由内而外” 的静电纺丝法和 “自下而上” 的生物打印法) 和细胞球串制法。 再次, 针对食管支架的设计制备要求, 重点讨论了可诱导食管细胞功能性生长的食管支架刺激因素: 诱导肌层细胞定向生长和上皮细胞致密化生长的支架结构刺激, 以及肌层和上皮细胞共培养的化学刺激。 最后, 本文展望了未来食管管状支架制备中的三个主要挑战: 管状支架低渗漏率和高孔隙率的矛盾、 平滑肌细胞从增殖表型向收缩表型转化的时序控制, 以及生物材料的生物相容性和机械强度的平衡。
Esophageal tissue engineering; Decellularization; Casting; Electrospinning; Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting

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