Similar articles

Abstract: This investigation and morphology analysis of porous structure of some kinds of natural materials such as chicken eggshell, partridge eggshell, pig bone, and seeds of mung bean, soja, ginkgo, lotus seed, as well as the epidermis of apples, with SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) showed that natural structures’ pores can be classified into uniform pores, gradient pores and multi pores from the viewpoint of the distribution variation of pore density, size and geometry. Furthermore, an optimal design of porous bearings was for the first time developed based on the gradient configuration of natural materials. The bionic design of porous structures is predicted to be widely developed and applied in the fields of materials and mechanical engineering in the future.

[1] Capone, E., Niola, V., Bocchini, G.F., Capone, A., 1978. The four step porous bearing. Tribology International, 12:330-336.

[2] Chen, X., Li, Y.X., 2003. Porous metals: research advances and application. Materials, 17(5):4-9 (in Chinese).

[3] Cubo, J., Casinos, A., 1998. The variation of the cross-sectional geometry in the long bones of birds and mammals. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1:51-62.

[4] Danielsson, M., Grenestedt, J.L., 1998. Gradient foam core materials for sandwich structures: preparation and characterization. Composites, 29(A):981-988.

[5] Davis, M.E., 2002. Ordered porous materials for emerging applications. Nature, 417:813-822.

[6] Galland, M.A., Mazeaud, B., Sellen, N., 2005. Hybrid passive/active absorbers for flow ducts. Applied Acoustics, 66(6):691-708.

[7] Heredia, A., Lozano, L., Martinez-Matias, C.A., Pena-Rico, M.A., Rodriguez-Hernandez, A., Villareal, E., Martinez, A., Garcia-Garduno, M.V., Basiuk, V.A., Bucio, L., Orozco, E., 2002. Microstructure and thermal expansion properties of ostrich eggshell. Materials Research Society Symposium, 724:117-122.

[8] Jones, A.C., Sheppard, A.P., Sok, R.M., Arns, C.H., Limaye, A., Averdunk, H., Brandwood, A., Sakellariou, A., Senden, T.J., Milthorpe, B.K., Knackstedt, M.A., 2004. Three-dimensional analysis of cortical bone structure using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Physica A, 339:125-130.

[9] Kemps, B., De Ketelaere, B., Bamelis, F., Govaerts, T., Mertens, K., Kamers, B., Kokou, T., Decuypere, E., De Baerdemaeker, J., 2004. Development of a methodology for the calculation of the Young’s modulus of eggshells using vibration measurements. Biosystems Engineering, 89(2):215-221.

[10] Kitimasak, W., Thirakhupf, K., Moll, D.L., 2003. Eggshell structure of the Siamese Narrow-headed soft shell turtle Chitra chitra Nutphand. Science Asia, 29:95-98.

[11] Koizumi, T., Tsujiuchi, N., Fujita, K., 2004. Performance Improvement of Sound-Absorbing Materials Using Natural Bamboo Fibers and Their Application. High Performance Structures and Materials II, Second International Conference on High Performance Structures and Materials, p.461-470.

[12] Lin, J., Puri, V.M., Anantheswaran, R.C., 1995. Measurement of eggshell thermal-mechanical properties. Transactions of the ASAE, 38(6):1769-1776.

[13] Maine, E.M.A., Ashby, M.F., 2002. Applying the investment methodology for materials (IMM) to aluminum foams. Materials and Design, 23:307-319.

[14] Pugh, J.W., Rose, R.M., Paul, I.L., Radin, E.L., 1973. Mechanical resonance spectra in human cancellous bone. Science, 181:271-272.

[15] Quan, Y.X., 1985. Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of a porous metal bearing. Tribology International, 18(2):67-73.

[16] Xu, Y.D., Zhang, L.T., 1995. Mechanical properties and microstructure of tortoise shell. Acta Material Composites Sinica, 12(3):53-58 (in Chinese).

[17] Zhang, J.Z., Wang, J.G., Ma, J.J., 2005. State of the art of study on eggshells. Journal of Functional Materials, 36(4):503-506 (in Chinese).

[18] Zhu, Z.G., 1999. Metallic foam materials. Physics, 28(2):84-88 (in Chinese).