Similar articles

Abstract: Cyclops of zooplankton propagates prolifically in eutrophic waterbody and it cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process. The mutagenicity of Mesocyclops leukarti and its extermination with oxidants in a drinking waterworks in China were studied. Among five oxidants for use in bench-scale, chlorine dioxide is the most effective and the potassium permanganate is the weakest against Mesocyclops leukarti under the same conditions. Full-scale results showed that Mesocyclops leukarti could be effectively removed from water by 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide preoxidation combined with conventional removal physical process. After filtration, chlorite, a by-product of prechlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.45 mg/L, which is lower than the critical value of the USEPA. GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the quantity of organic substance and the mutagenicity in water treated by chlorine dioxide preoxidation are obviously less than those of prechlorination.

[1] Benjamin, W., Lukins, J.R., Mark, H.G., 1986. Using chlorine dioxide for trihalomethane control. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 78(6):88-93.

[2] Bernhardt, H., Lusse, B., 1989. Elimination of zooplankton by flocculation and filtration. Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology AQUA, 38(1):23-31.

[3] Chinese EPA, 1997. Water and Wastewater Monitoring Methods, 3rd Ed. Chinese Environmental Science Publishing House, Beijing, p.50-150 (in Chinese).

[4] Cui, F.Y., Lin, T., Ma, F., 2002. The excess propagation and research on ecological control of the water flea of zooplankton in raw water. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 34(3):399-403 (in Chinese).

[5] Fiessinger, F., 1991. Advantages and disadvantages of chemical oxidation and disinfection of ozone and chlorine dioxide. Science of the Total Environment, 18:245-246.

[6] Huang, J.L., Li, B.X., 1998. Comparison of the mutagenicity of drinking water with chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections. Environmental Chemistry, 17(4):34-38 (in Chinese).

[7] Huang, J.L., Wang, L., Ren, N.Q., Liu, X.L., Sun, R.F., Yang, G.L., 1997. Disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide on viruses, algae and animal plankton in water. Water Research, 31(3):455-460.

[8] Kouame, Y., Haas, C.N., 1991. Inactivation of E. coli by combined action of free chlorine and monochlorine. Water Research, 25(9):1027-1032.

[9] Långvik, V., Holmbom, B., 1994. Formation of mutagentic organic by-products and aox by chlorination of fractions of humic water. Water Research, 28(3):553-557.

[10] Laplanche, A., Orta de Velasquez, M., Boisdon, V., Martin, N., Martin, G., 1995. Modelisation of micropollutant removal in drinking water treatment by ozonation or advanced oxidation processes. Ozone Science Engineering, 17:97-117.

[11] Li, J.W., Yu, Z., Cai, X., Gao, M., Chao, F., 1996. Trihalomethanes formation in water treated with chlorine dioxide. Water Research, 30(10):2371-2376.

[12] Liyanage, L.R.J., Gyurek, L.L., Finch, G.R., Belosevic, M., 1996. Modeling Cryptosporidium parvum Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide. Proceedings of the Forth Environmental Engineering Speciality Conference. Edmonton, the Netherlands, May 29-June 1, p.17-25.

[13] Lupi, E., Ricci, V., Burrini, D., 1994. Occurrence of nematodes in surface water used in a drinking water plant. Journal of Water Supply Research Technology, 43(3):107-112.

[14] Ma, J., Liu, W., 2002. Effectiveness and mechanism of potassium ferrate (VI) preoxidation for algae removal removal by coagulation. Water Research, 36(4):871-878.

[15] Mitcham, R.P., Shelley, M.W., Wheadon, C.M., 1983. Free chlorine versus ammonia-chlorine: disinfection, trihalomethane formation, and zooplankton removal. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 75(4):196-198.

[16] Olajide, I., Sridhar, M.K., 1987. Guineaworm control in an endemic area in western nigeria. Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology AQUA, 6:333-339.

[17] Park, H.S., Hwang, T.M., Kang, J.W., Choi, H., Oh, H.J., 2001. Characterization of raw water for the ozone application measuring ozone consumption rate. Water Research, 35(11):2607-2614.

[18] Reckhow, D.A., Singer, P.C., Malcolm, R.L., 1990. Chlorination of humic materials: byproduct formation and chemical interpretations. Environmental Science & Technology, 24(11):1655-1664.

[19] Sung, W., 2002. Corrosion Control and Chloramination, Discolored Water and Nitrification. Proceedings−Water Quality Technology Conference. MWRA, Southborough, MA, USA, p.1683-1686.

[20] USEPA, 1998. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts: Final Rule. 40 CFR Parts 9, 141 & 142, FED Reg. 63 No. 241, p.69390-69476.

[21] Xing, H., 2004. The removal of Cyclops in water treatment process. China Water and Wastewater, 20(7):88 (in Chinese).