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Abstract: Much energy is stored in wastewaters. How to efficiently capture this energy is of great significance for meeting the world’s energy needs, reducing wastewater handling costs and increasing the sustainability of wastewater treatment. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a recently developed biotechnology for electrical energy recovery from the organic pollutants in wastewaters. MFCs hold great promise for sustainable wastewater treatment. However, at present there is still much research needed before the MFC technique can be practically applied in the real world. In this review, we analyze the opportunities and key challenges for MFCs to achieve sustainability in wastewater treatment. We especially discuss the problems and challenges for scaling up the MFC systems; this is the most critical issue for realizing the practical implementation of this technique. In order to achieve sustainability, MFCs may also be combined with other techniques to yield high effluent quality or to recover more commercial value (i.e., by producing energy-rich or high value chemicals) from wastewaters. However, research in this area is still on-going and many problems need to be settled before real-world application. Advances are required in respect of efficiency, economic feasibility, system stability, and reliability.

从废水中回收能量的微生物燃料电池技术：走向实际应用的机遇和挑战

本文概要：废水中蕴含着大量能量，如何高效地回收利用这些能量对于满足世界能源需求，降低废水处理成本，提高污水处理的可持续性具有重要意义。微生物燃料电池（MFC）是近年来发展起来的一种从废水的有机污染物中提取能量的新型生物技术，有望实现废水处理的可持续性发展。然而，目前MFC技术离实际应用还有很长的距离。MFC系统的扩大化问题是阻碍该技术实际应用的关键。本文详细讨论了MFC扩大化过程中的主要问题和挑战，并提出了未来的发展方向。MFC与其他技术结合可以实现较高的出水水质或获得高商业价值的化学品，然而该方面的研究才刚刚起步，要实现其实际应用还需要解决许多问题，包括如何提高生产效率，提高经济可行性，提升系统的稳定性和可靠性等。

微生物燃料电池；废水处理；可持续发展；扩大化；合成化学品

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